cd1d99c8c2b8795ca3695a000b61b8df pmc_11851809.pdf 67ad524326c638c4b6a5342a44e63add88a313e3 pmc_11851809.pdf dd8e5e30ba63dae68a98adef7a53aecb6ce91bc5e4408faa273f5285512fe9cc pmc_11851809.pdf Title: Effects of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Lipid and Antioxidant Metabolism in Sparus aurata Subject: Nanoplastics (NPs) can cross cellular membranes and affect cellular performance. This study aims to determine the effects of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs, 44 nm) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed for 14 days to 100 g/L PS-NPs. The results show that biometric indicators (weight, length, Fulton’s condition factor, and hepatosomatic index) were not affected after the experimental exposures. No significant effects were observed on white blood cell count, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or platelets compared to the control group. However, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, and mean corpuscular cell volume in fish exposed to PS-NPs. There were no significant effects on plasmatic cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, or aspartate aminotransferase levels. The histological anatomy of both the gills and the intestine revealed no obvious signs of cellular damage, excessive mucous, or inflammation in the PS-NP group. The expression of transcripts related to lipid metabolism (ppar, ppar), growth and development (igf1), detoxification (bche), and oxidative stress (sod, gpx1) were significantly downregulated in animals exposed to PS-NPs, indicating a slight impairment in lipid homeostasis and antioxidant response. Keywords: nanoplastics; lipid metabolism; antioxidant response; liver; histopathology; hematology; Sparus aurata Author: Ekemini Okon, Irene Brandts, Hayam Djafar, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Joan Carles Balasch and Mariana Teles Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Feb 18 07:22:58 2025 CET ModDate: Tue Feb 18 07:28:29 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 9823099 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VVSYYB+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 10 0 QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 15 0 JFGTHZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 21 0 NGUPIT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 WHFTLO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 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2025-04-03 02:09:30 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_11851809.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-04-02 02:08:06 CEST Size: 9823099 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 610 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Fish Maintenance Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Fish Bioassay and Sampling Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Fitness Indicators Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Hematological Profile Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Biochemical Analysis in Plasma Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Histological Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Gene Expression Profiling Destination: subsection.2.7 Children: Item: Title: RNA Extraction and Complementary DNA (cDNA) Destination: subsubsection.2.7.1 Item: Title: Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) Destination: subsubsection.2.7.2 Item: Title: Normalization of Target Genes Destination: subsubsection.2.7.3 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Biometric Analysis Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Hematological Responses Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Biochemical Responses Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Histological Changes Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Molecular Analysis Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Effects of Sub-Chronic Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Lipid and Antioxidant Metabolism in Sparus aurata Author: Ekemini Okon, Irene Brandts, Hayam Djafar, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Joan Carles Balasch and Mariana Teles Subject: Nanoplastics (NPs) can cross cellular membranes and affect cellular performance. This study aims to determine the effects of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs, 44 nm) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed for 14 days to 100 g/L PS-NPs. The results show that biometric indicators (weight, length, Fulton’s condition factor, and hepatosomatic index) were not affected after the experimental exposures. No significant effects were observed on white blood cell count, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or platelets compared to the control group. However, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, and mean corpuscular cell volume in fish exposed to PS-NPs. There were no significant effects on plasmatic cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, or aspartate aminotransferase levels. The histological anatomy of both the gills and the intestine revealed no obvious signs of cellular damage, excessive mucous, or inflammation in the PS-NP group. The expression of transcripts related to lipid metabolism (ppar, ppar), growth and development (igf1), detoxification (bche), and oxidative stress (sod, gpx1) were significantly downregulated in animals exposed to PS-NPs, indicating a slight impairment in lipid homeostasis and antioxidant response. 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