779ece13b9033309772a3785ac1c2f86 pmc_11858077.pdf 7ad77bf4bfdcf590c06d8ab6c5a05c04e515323b pmc_11858077.pdf f3971952136fb3bf344161abc01313a86afbdbd2ce4312cb840da883d66c45bd pmc_11858077.pdf Title: The Historical Baseline of Hard Tick Records in Spain (1985–2024) Subject: Ticks are important vectors of pathogens, producing diseases in animals and humans. The planning of information campaigns or prevention programs is heavily based on the knowledge of highly detailed data on tick distribution. This study reports unpublished data on the distribution of more than 30,000 tick specimens, collected by active surveys in the years 1985–2024 in Spain, from 2285 surveys in 1636 unique sites, providing coordinates with variable accuracy. The report covers new records of Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus hibericus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (either s.s. or s.l.). Other species were sporadically collected. Many specimens have been re-examined for accurate identification according to current taxonomic views, mainly in the genus Rhipicephalus. We summarized this newly available information using the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. This compilation of unpublished tick records pinpoints the importance of the systematic monitoring of ticks. It is intended as the baseline over which the ongoing national tick collection program is built in order to track the long-term changes of tick distribution in Spain, because of the land use changes, the spread of invasive vertebrates, or the climate trends. Keywords: ticks; Ixodidae; Spain; distribution; years 1985–2024 Author: Agustín Estrada-Peña, Miguel A. Habela Martínez-Estéllez, Carlos Pradera and Joaquim Castellà Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Feb 12 10:16:14 2025 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 12 10:32:13 2025 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 11231226 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 CBHYWL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 GQYDQV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 YUDWTA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 ILXGXV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 LGTZLE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 61 0 HNOOKE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 76 0 HNOOKF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType 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section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: The Historical Baseline of Hard Tick Records in Spain (1985 2024) Author: Agustín Estrada-Peña, Miguel A. Habela Martínez-Estéllez, Carlos Pradera and Joaquim Castellà Subject: Ticks are important vectors of pathogens, producing diseases in animals and humans. The planning of information campaigns or prevention programs is heavily based on the knowledge of highly detailed data on tick distribution. This study reports unpublished data on the distribution of more than 30,000 tick specimens, collected by active surveys in the years 1985 2024 in Spain, from 2285 surveys in 1636 unique sites, providing coordinates with variable accuracy. The report covers new records of Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus hibericus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (either s.s. or s.l.). Other species were sporadically collected. Many specimens have been re-examined for accurate identification according to current taxonomic views, mainly in the genus Rhipicephalus. We summarized this newly available information using the Köppen Geiger climate classification. This compilation of unpublished tick records pinpoints the importance of the systematic monitoring of ticks. It is intended as the baseline over which the ongoing national tick collection program is built in order to track the long-term changes of tick distribution in Spain, because of the land use changes, the spread of invasive vertebrates, or the climate trends. 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