2b54cb47b1705a69e04dde5a454a0c48 Multimorbidity_Trends.pdf afcb712a2bd5e914775946683fb374aaaa7fbb02 Multimorbidity_Trends.pdf f49bd320113ee123d5a92d70183c34dd95535e0bbd1a5ab6f6d6ab8c8e943dea Multimorbidity_Trends.pdf Title: Multimorbidity trends in Catalonia, 2010–21: a population-based cohort study Subject: Doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaf218 International Journal of Epidemiology, 55, 1, 2025 Publication Date: 25/12/2025 Abstract Background With rising longevity, multimorbidity is an increasingly important challenge for healthcare systems. We describe trends in the prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity across socioeconomic groups in Catalonia.Methods We use a random sample of 1 551 126 individuals (22% of the Catalan population, for whom we have the complete primary care health records) and follow them from 2010 until 2021. We document the age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity stratifying by income groups and birth cohorts. Logistic regression models are used to estimate the association between multimorbidity and mortality.Results Between 2010 and 2021, the prevalence of multimorbidity, higher among women, has increased for both sexes and all cohorts in our analysis. Importantly, each cohort attains the same ages, with higher multimorbidity prevalence than their predecessors had 10 years ago. Older generations are mostly affected by degenerative diseases, while younger age groups are more affected by mental health problems. Incidence tends to be higher among the older cohorts across all adult ages. We observe a strong socioeconomic gradient, with lower-income individuals experiencing worse multimorbidity prevalence and incidence. Such a gradient is persistent and becomes more pronounced at the end of the study period. Across all age groups, individuals experiencing multimorbidity have a higher risk of dying than those who do not.Conclusion The documented increases in multimorbidity alongside its socioeconomic gradients suggest that preventive strategies are urgently needed to defer or prevent its onset and slow its progression—especially among younger generations. Keywords: aging; multimorbidity; inequalities; mortality; health registers Creator: Servigistics Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.1.4667/W Producer: PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win32); modified using iTextSharp.LGPLv2.Core 3.7.4.0 CreationDate: Fri Dec 26 09:08:13 2025 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 28 11:26:10 2026 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 612 x 792 pts (letter) Page rot: 0 File size: 1295784 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.5 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VVTWXR+UniversLTStd-Cn Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 837 0 NCJXHZ+UniversLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 24 0 TeX_CM_Roman Type 1 Builtin yes no yes 109 0 TeX_CM_Maths_Symbols Type 1 Builtin yes no yes 25 0 PBAYJY+UniversLTStd-Light Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 59 0 WFXFMC+UniversLTStd-BoldCn Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 838 0 IXVNGD+SabonLTPro-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 26 0 VXJUIM+SabonLTPro-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 77 0 EOKWTI+STIX-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 164 0 DFMHAP+UniversLTStd-CnObl Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 839 0 ZLHCDJ+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 1 0 OFEGKL+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1 Custom yes yes no 898 0 SCSGVZ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT Type 1 Custom yes yes no 899 0 TSQZKU+UniversLTStd Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 27 0 TeX_CM_Maths_Italic Type 1 Builtin yes no yes 28 0 EuroCurrency(FSI) Type 1 Builtin yes no yes 29 0 QLYEYW+UniversLTStd-Obl Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 30 0 UOLKMD+UniversLTStd-LightObl Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 60 0 GEXQQI+SabonLTPro-Italic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 78 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-01-31 03:09:46 CET RepresentationInformation: Multimorbidity_Trends.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-01-30 17:40:05 CET Size: 1295784 Format: PDF Version: 1.5 Status: Well-Formed, but not valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul ErrorMessage: Invalid indirect destination - 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We describe trends in the prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity across socioeconomic groups in Catalonia.Methods We use a random sample of 1 551 126 individuals (22% of the Catalan population, for whom we have the complete primary care health records) and follow them from 2010 until 2021. We document the age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity stratifying by income groups and birth cohorts. Logistic regression models are used to estimate the association between multimorbidity and mortality.Results Between 2010 and 2021, the prevalence of multimorbidity, higher among women, has increased for both sexes and all cohorts in our analysis. Importantly, each cohort attains the same ages, with higher multimorbidity prevalence than their predecessors had 10 years ago. Older generations are mostly affected by degenerative diseases, while younger age groups are more affected by mental health problems. Incidence tends to be higher among the older cohorts across all adult ages. We observe a strong socioeconomic gradient, with lower-income individuals experiencing worse multimorbidity prevalence and incidence. Such a gradient is persistent and becomes more pronounced at the end of the study period. Across all age groups, individuals experiencing multimorbidity have a higher risk of dying than those who do not.Conclusion The documented increases in multimorbidity alongside its socioeconomic gradients suggest that preventive strategies are urgently needed to defer or prevent its onset and slow its progression—especially among younger generations. Keywords: aging; multimorbidity; inequalities; mortality; health registers Creator: Servigistics Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.1.4667/W Producer: PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win32); modified using iTextSharp.LGPLv2.Core 3.7.4.0 CreationDate: Fri Dec 26 09:38:13 CET 2025 ModDate: Wed Jan 28 11:26:10 CET 2026 ID: 0x678ac21946c633f7566f083c9fe175d9, 0x3db886569935a1b1fc88eb1052c2636e Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1700 ImageHeight: 1109 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1700 ImageHeight: 1124 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1800 ImageHeight: 1211 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: 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2026-01-28T10:26:10+00:00 PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win32); modified using iTextSharp.LGPLv2.Core 3.7.4.0 aging; multimorbidity; inequalities; mortality; health registers Multimorbidity trends in Catalonia, 2010–21: a population-based cohort study Iñaki Permanyer Jordi Gumà Sergi Trias-Llimós Aïda Solé-Auró Doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaf218 International Journal of Epidemiology, 55, 1, 2025 Publication Date: 25/12/2025 Abstract Background With rising longevity, multimorbidity is an increasingly important challenge for healthcare systems. We describe trends in the prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity across socioeconomic groups in Catalonia.Methods We use a random sample of 1 551 126 individuals (22% of the Catalan population, for whom we have the complete primary care health records) and follow them from 2010 until 2021. We document the age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence of multimorbidity stratifying by income groups and birth cohorts. Logistic regression models are used to estimate the association between multimorbidity and mortality.Results Between 2010 and 2021, the prevalence of multimorbidity, higher among women, has increased for both sexes and all cohorts in our analysis. Importantly, each cohort attains the same ages, with higher multimorbidity prevalence than their predecessors had 10 years ago. Older generations are mostly affected by degenerative diseases, while younger age groups are more affected by mental health problems. Incidence tends to be higher among the older cohorts across all adult ages. We observe a strong socioeconomic gradient, with lower-income individuals experiencing worse multimorbidity prevalence and incidence. Such a gradient is persistent and becomes more pronounced at the end of the study period. Across all age groups, individuals experiencing multimorbidity have a higher risk of dying than those who do not.Conclusion The documented increases in multimorbidity alongside its socioeconomic gradients suggest that preventive strategies are urgently needed to defer or prevent its onset and slow its progression—especially among younger generations. © The Author(s) 2026. 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