b1906eca8c371fc0c69059cff11410a6 molecules-31-00503.pdf 51d757d206588a02d275ca6f9a35e4bdff6f58eb molecules-31-00503.pdf acaa3465928b658ef00decef226a319fd3a19b08ce57236791d90e6e1df43aa9 molecules-31-00503.pdf Title: Current Trends and Future Prospects of Biochar Use to Improve Anaerobic Digestion: An Up-to-Date Critical Review Subject: Biochar supplementation has gained a lot of interest in recent years as a strategy to improve anaerobic digestion. As a result, research on the field has expanded in diverse directions, yet a clear pathway is not being followed, which can lead to unexpected or contradictory results. This review analyzed the most recent literature (2020–2024) on this topic and identified three major research trends: (i) investigating the mechanisms behind biochar enhancement of anaerobic digestion (analysis of microbial communities, interspecies electron transfer, metabolic pathways, enzymatic activity, gene expression, extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes); (ii) maximizing biochar applications in anaerobic digestion through the use of novel tools (biochar engineering, modeling and optimization, and integration of anaerobic digestion and other technologies); (iii) advancing towards the large-scale implementation of biochar addition to anaerobic digestion (continuous operation, biochar effects on digestate, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment). By investigating these topics, key knowledge gaps and challenges to be addressed in future research were defined and discussed. This review aims to provide a clear and insightful picture of the current state and future prospects of scientific research in this field, which may be of great relevance given the current rise in this technology. Keywords: trends; mechanisms; biochar engineering; modelling; semi-continuous;life cycle assessment; techno-economic analysis Author: Marta García-Prats, Daniel González and Antoni Sánchez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Sun Feb 1 13:20:22 2026 CET ModDate: Sun Feb 1 13:25:29 2026 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 31 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1360133 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OKUJIL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 197 0 SCESZI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 198 0 WWQFGS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 199 0 QKZKVH+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 200 0 MEWEWT+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 248 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 357 0 GGNCBL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 374 0 GGNCBL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 689 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-02-11 04:06:04 CET RepresentationInformation: molecules-31-00503.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-02-10 05:16:20 CET Size: 1360133 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 1266 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Trend 1: Mechanisms Behind Biochar Improvement ofAnaerobic Digestion Children: Item: Title: Changes in Microbial Communities Item: Title: Promotion of Interspecies Electron Transfer Item: Title: Changes in Metabolic Pathways Item: Title: Enhancement of Enzymatic Activity Item: Title: Regulation of Functional Genes Expression Item: Title: Secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Item: Title: Promotion of Quorum Sensing Item: Title: Suppression of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Item: Title: Trend 2: Use of Novel Tools to Expand Biochar Applications in Anaerobic Digestion Children: Item: Title: Biochar Engineering Children: Item: Title: Physical Methods Item: Title: Chemical Methods Item: Title: Biological Methods Item: Title: Modeling and Optimization Children: Item: Title: Mechanistically Inspired Models Item: Title: Kinetic Models Item: Title: Phenomenological Models (Machine Learning) Item: Title: Optimization Tools Item: Title: Integration with Other Technologies Children: Item: Title: AD and Pyrolysis Item: Title: AD and Electrochemical Systems Item: Title: Trend 3: Towards the Application of Biochar Addition to Anaerobic Digestion at Full Scale Children: Item: Title: Continuous Operating Conditions Item: Title: Biochar Effects on Digestate Characteristics Item: Title: Technical and Environmental Assessment Children: Item: Title: Life Cycle Assessment Item: Title: Techno-Economic Analysis Item: Title: Current Limitations and Future Prospects Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Literature Search Item: Title: Selection Criteria Item: Title: References Info: Title: Current Trends and Future Prospects of Biochar Use to Improve Anaerobic Digestion: An Up-to-Date Critical Review Author: Marta García-Prats, Daniel González and Antoni Sánchez Subject: Biochar supplementation has gained a lot of interest in recent years as a strategy to improve anaerobic digestion. As a result, research on the field has expanded in diverse directions, yet a clear pathway is not being followed, which can lead to unexpected or contradictory results. This review analyzed the most recent literature (2020–2024) on this topic and identified three major research trends: (i) investigating the mechanisms behind biochar enhancement of anaerobic digestion (analysis of microbial communities, interspecies electron transfer, metabolic pathways, enzymatic activity, gene expression, extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes); (ii) maximizing biochar applications in anaerobic digestion through the use of novel tools (biochar engineering, modeling and optimization, and integration of anaerobic digestion and other technologies); (iii) advancing towards the large-scale implementation of biochar addition to anaerobic digestion (continuous operation, biochar effects on digestate, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment). By investigating these topics, key knowledge gaps and challenges to be addressed in future research were defined and discussed. This review aims to provide a clear and insightful picture of the current state and future prospects of scientific research in this field, which may be of great relevance given the current rise in this technology. 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557, 690 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 654, 557, 665 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 642, 95, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 604, 173, 614 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 518, 577, 555, 588 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 540, 96, 550 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 513, 510, 524 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 397, 488, 434, 499 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 381, 450, 419, 461 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 411, 358, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 374, 142, 384 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 336, 186, 346 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 309, 482, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 489, 309, 525, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 284, 462, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 27, 560, 37 Checksum: 3dc5d1dd Type: CRC32 Checksum: b1906eca8c371fc0c69059cff11410a6 Type: MD5 Checksum: 51d757d206588a02d275ca6f9a35e4bdff6f58eb Type: SHA-1 Checksum: acaa3465928b658ef00decef226a319fd3a19b08ce57236791d90e6e1df43aa9 Type: SHA-256