8cd9f00eb74d8a06676065d009284325 eurjoumathscitecedu_a2026v22n4e2816.pdf 5c847a17f4caa80a54aa168d70b755f8a270ec75 eurjoumathscitecedu_a2026v22n4e2816.pdf df25d92c85fae37f6623c416521fb7733f5055cdd0c2796aec309658e3c149f5 eurjoumathscitecedu_a2026v22n4e2816.pdf Title: Modelling with AI: How complexity and experience shape ChatGPT use by pre-service teachers Author: Gallart et al. Creator: Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 Producer: Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 CreationDate: Sun Mar 29 10:45:03 2026 CEST ModDate: Sun Mar 29 10:45:03 2026 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.32 x 841.92 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1337001 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- BCDEEE+SegoeUI TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 5 0 BCDFEE+SegoeUI-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 9 0 BCDGEE+SegoeUI-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 11 0 BCDHEE+BookAntiqua TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 14 0 BCDIEE+HPSimplified-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 24 0 BCDJEE+SegoeUI CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 26 0 BCDKEE+BookAntiqua-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 31 0 BCDLEE+BookAntiqua CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 33 0 BCDMEE+BookAntiqua-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 45 0 BCDNEE+TimesNewRomanPSMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 47 0 BCDOEE+SymbolMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 52 0 BCDPEE+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 57 0 BCEAEE+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 74 0 BCEBEE+BookAntiqua-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 92 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-04-09 04:00:40 CEST RepresentationInformation: eurjoumathscitecedu_a2026v22n4e2816.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-04-08 06:08:42 CEST Size: 1337001 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 2758 FreeObjects: 2474 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Language: tr Outlines: Item: Title: INTRODUCTION Destination: 1 Item: Title: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Destination: 1 Children: Item: Title: Modelling Problems in Mathematics Education Destination: 1 Item: Title: Fermi Problems as Mathematical Modelling Activities for Primary Education Destination: 1 Item: Title: Complexity and Solving Settings of Modelling Tasks Destination: 1 Item: Title: Use of Generative AI in Mathematics Education and Problem-Solving Destination: 1 Item: Title: Use of Prompts in Problem-Solving Destination: 1 Item: Title: Research Goals Destination: 1 Item: Title: METHODOLOGY Destination: 1 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: 1 Item: Title: Procedure and Data Gathering Destination: 1 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: 1 Item: Title: RESULTS Destination: 1 Children: Item: Title: Profiles of ChatGPT Use in Fermi Problem-Solving Destination: 1 Item: Title: Uses of ChatGPT According to the Complexity of the Problem Destination: 1 Item: Title: Use of ChatGPT According to Prior Experience Destination: 1 Item: Title: DISCUSSION Destination: 1 Children: Item: Title: Categorization of the Prompts and Use of ChatGPT Destination: 1 Item: Title: Influence of Complexity on the Use of ChatGPT Destination: 1 Item: Title: Influence of Prior Experience on the Use of ChatGPT Destination: 1 Item: Title: Influence of the Variables of Complexity and Prior Experience on the Use of ChatGPT to Solve Fermi Problems Destination: 1 Item: Title: Limitations Destination: 1 Item: Title: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Destination: 1 Item: Title: REFERENCES Destination: 1 Info: Title: Modelling with AI: How complexity and experience shape ChatGPT use by pre-service teachers Author: Gallart et al. Creator: Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 Producer: Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 CreationDate: Sun Mar 29 10:45:03 CEST 2026 ModDate: Sun Mar 29 10:45:03 CEST 2026 ID: 0xef62eecab58e5e40afe98eae8752122e, 0xef62eecab58e5e40afe98eae8752122e Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 241 ImageHeight: 33 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 27 ImageHeight: 21 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 880 ImageHeight: 591 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 897 ImageHeight: 655 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 912 ImageHeight: 308 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 1271 ImageHeight: 170 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 867 ImageHeight: 118 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 862 ImageHeight: 117 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1283 ImageHeight: 631 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 1220 ImageHeight: 532 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 865 ImageHeight: 118 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Interpolate: false Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 592 ImageHeight: 547 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Interpolate: true Fonts: Type0: Font: BaseFont: BCDLEE+BookAntiqua Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCDOEE+SymbolMT Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCDJEE+SegoeUI Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCEAEE+CambriaMath Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCEBEE+BookAntiqua-Italic Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: BCDNEE+TimesNewRomanPSMT Encoding: Identity-H ToUnicode: true TrueType: Font: Name: F1 BaseFont: BCDEEE+SegoeUI FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 242 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDEEE+SegoeUI Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -573, -210, 1999, 728 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F5 BaseFont: BCDIEE+HPSimplified-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDIEE+HPSimplified-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -154, -187, 1159, 813 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F2 BaseFont: BCDFEE+SegoeUI-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDFEE+SegoeUI-Italic Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -458, -210, 1422, 728 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F12 BaseFont: BCDPEE+ArialMT FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDPEE+ArialMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -665, -210, 2000, 728 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F3 BaseFont: BCDGEE+SegoeUI-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 169 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDGEE+SegoeUI-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -573, -210, 1999, 728 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F9 BaseFont: BCDMEE+BookAntiqua-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDMEE+BookAntiqua-Italic Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -173, -280, 1060, 725 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F4 BaseFont: BCDHEE+BookAntiqua FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 250 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDHEE+BookAntiqua Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -136, -282, 1154, 727 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: Name: F7 BaseFont: BCDKEE+BookAntiqua-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDKEE+BookAntiqua-Bold Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -134, -265, 1193, 726 FontFile2: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding CIDFontType2: Font: BaseFont: BCDNEE+TimesNewRomanPSMT CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDNEE+TimesNewRomanPSMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -568, -216, 2046, 693 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: BCDLEE+BookAntiqua CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDLEE+BookAntiqua Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -136, -282, 1154, 727 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: BCDOEE+SymbolMT CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDOEE+SymbolMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: 0, -216, 1113, 693 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: BCDJEE+SegoeUI CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCDJEE+SegoeUI Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -573, -210, 1999, 728 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: BCEAEE+CambriaMath CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCEAEE+CambriaMath Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -1475, -222, 2868, 778 FontFile2: true Font: BaseFont: BCEBEE+BookAntiqua-Italic CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: BCEBEE+BookAntiqua-Italic Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -173, -280, 1060, 725 FontFile2: true XMP: Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 Modelling with AI: How complexity and experience shape ChatGPT use by pre-service teachersGallart et al. Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 3652026-03-29T11:45:03+03:002026-03-29T11:45:03+03:00 uuid:CAEE62EF-8EB5-405E-AFE9-8EAE8752122Euuid:CAEE62EF-8EB5-405E-AFE9-8EAE8752122E Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 753, 555, 766 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 47, 394, 59 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 53, 35, 133, 47 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 144, 35, 233, 47 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 244, 35, 328, 47 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 339, 35, 437, 47 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Contents: Rect: 178, 662, 188, 673 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Contents: Rect: 278, 662, 288, 673 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Contents: Rect: 374, 662, 384, 673 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Contents: Rect: 480, 662, 491, 673 Flags: Print Page: Sequence: 2 Page: Sequence: 3 Page: Sequence: 4 Page: Sequence: 5 Page: Sequence: 6 Page: Sequence: 7 Page: Sequence: 8 Page: Sequence: 9 Page: Sequence: 10 Page: Sequence: 11 Page: Sequence: 12 Page: Sequence: 13 Page: Sequence: 14 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 365, 522, 381 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 313, 505, 328 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 239, 564, 251 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 223, 389, 239 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 170, 514, 186 Flags: Print Page: Sequence: 16 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 757, 269, 772 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 639, 271, 655 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 587, 232, 602 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 509, 269, 525 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 459, 301, 472 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 444, 184, 459 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 366, 256, 382 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 276, 265, 292 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 227, 301, 239 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 211, 194, 227 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 162, 301, 174 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 146, 212, 162 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 69, 271, 84 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 747, 555, 760 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 732, 397, 747 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 679, 542, 695 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 617, 564, 630 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 602, 408, 617 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 488, 536, 503 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 426, 555, 438 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 410, 363, 426 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 348, 555, 360 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 333, 381, 348 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 283, 564, 295 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 267, 431, 283 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 168, 564, 180 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 153, 394, 168 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 78, 564, 91 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 63, 423, 78 Flags: Print Page: Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 732, 262, 747 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 679, 265, 695 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 617, 301, 630 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 602, 190, 617 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 527, 301, 540 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 512, 184, 527 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 123, 450, 292, 462 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 434, 100, 450 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 369, 246, 385 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 320, 301, 332 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 304, 194, 320 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 252, 254, 267 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 199, 223, 214 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 137, 301, 149 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 121, 92, 137 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 81, 232, 96 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 744, 542, 760 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 692, 527, 707 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 642, 564, 654 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 627, 413, 642 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 577, 564, 589 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 561, 413, 577 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 499, 555, 512 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 484, 396, 499 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 409, 564, 422 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 394, 413, 409 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 354, 539, 369 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 292, 564, 304 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 276, 414, 292 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 211, 537, 226 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 161, 555, 174 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 146, 363, 161 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 68, 534, 84 Flags: Print Page: Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 707, 265, 723 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 174, 657, 301, 670 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 40, 642, 140, 657 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 63, 552, 254, 567 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 385, 710, 555, 723 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 695, 363, 710 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 642, 528, 657 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 592, 564, 605 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 577, 382, 592 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 475, 515, 564, 528 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 302, 500, 432, 515 Flags: Print Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 213, 422, 381, 444 Flags: Print Checksum: 98efe463 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 8cd9f00eb74d8a06676065d009284325 Type: MD5 Checksum: 5c847a17f4caa80a54aa168d70b755f8a270ec75 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: df25d92c85fae37f6623c416521fb7733f5055cdd0c2796aec309658e3c149f5 Type: SHA-256