7919aab2dea25836417dca63012fd94e heritage-09-00187.pdf 466ce37209ccb6300516bbc12cc0a868d8ee3991 heritage-09-00187.pdf ccc4ac3bdc35f986a8bdde240d0e3c49159976652018ac13ba6c902b338468f3 heritage-09-00187.pdf Title: Urban Fear, Criminality and the Erosion of Intangible Cultural Access in Machala: A Critical Qualitative Content Analysis of Ecuadorian National Digital Press Subject: This article examines how the Ecuadorian national digital press has represented the relationship between criminal violence, declining mobility, tourism contraction, and the erosion of intangible cultural access in Machala, Puerto Bolívar, and the route to Jambelí during 2025. This study aims to explain how mediated representations of insecurity can contribute to the symbolic narrowing of culturally meaningful urban–coastal spaces, even when those spaces remain materially present and formally open. The article responds to a gap in the literature at the intersection of critical heritage studies, media framing, urban fear, and Latin American security studies. The existing research has examined heritage as social practice, media representation of crime, and urban securitization, but has rarely connected these fields to explain how criminal violence erodes lived access to intangible cultural environments in secondary port cities of the Global South. Methodologically, this study applies qualitative content analysis to a purposive corpus of eight focal journalistic texts published in Ecuadorian digital outlets, such as El Universo, El Comercio, Expreso, El Mercurio, Extra, Primicias, GK, and La Hora. Deductive–inductive coding was complemented by descriptive article-level indicators of themes, keyword clusters, and temporal distribution. The findings show that the press did not merely report violent events; it progressively reorganized the symbolic meaning of Machala by re-signifying Puerto Bolívar, the marine environment, the cabotage pier, and the maritime route to Jambelí as spaces of risk, interruption, and conditional access. This study contributes conceptually by defining intangible cultural access and symbolic enclosure, empirically by documenting the mediated erosion of coastal public–cultural life, and practically by proposing integrated policy actions for security governance, cultural reactivation, local commerce, maritime mobility, and responsible public communication. Keywords: heritage justice; coastal urbanity; mediated fear; port communities; territorial stigma; securitized mobility; civic trust; tourism vulnerability; public–cultural life; local commerce Author: Fernanda Tusa, Ignacio Aguaded and Santiago Tejedor Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Tue May 12 12:09:33 2026 CEST ModDate: Tue May 12 15:08:43 2026 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 34 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 408877 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YBOBFB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 161 0 MIKRSI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 162 0 QSBJKZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 163 0 PGRSLS+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 164 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 228 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 443 0 RCUAMB+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 621 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-05-14 04:40:00 CEST RepresentationInformation: heritage-09-00187.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-05-13 10:58:38 CEST Size: 408877 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 714 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Theoretical Framework Children: Item: Title: Critical Heritage, Living Practice, and Intangible Cultural Access Item: Title: Symbolic Enclosure, Urban Fear, and the Regulation of Presence Item: Title: Media Framing, Representation, and the Production of Place Meaning Item: Title: Latin American Securitization, Criminal Governance, and Heritage Vulnerability Item: Title: Methodology Children: Item: Title: Research Design and Corpus Item: Title: Search Strategy, Inclusion Criteria, and Screening Item: Title: Coding Procedure and Number of Coders Item: Title: Trustworthiness and Ethics Item: Title: Alignment Between Objectives, Theory, and Analysis Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Descriptive Quantitative Overview of the Corpus Item: Title: Urban Siege as Dominant Territorial Frame Item: Title: Puerto Bolívar as Deteriorated and Symbolically Narrowed Territory Item: Title: Fear, Silence, and Public Retreat Item: Title: Guarded Mobility and Interrupted Public–Cultural Life Item: Title: Maritime Labor, Extortion, and Economic–Cultural Erosion Item: Title: Discussion Children: Item: Title: Practical Contributions for Policy, Practice, and Territorial Governance Item: Title: Study Limitations Item: Title: Conclusions Children: Item: Title: Actionable Policy Recommendations Item: Title: Future Research Perspectives Item: Title: References Info: Title: Urban Fear, Criminality and the Erosion of Intangible Cultural Access in Machala: A Critical Qualitative Content Analysis of Ecuadorian National Digital Press Author: Fernanda Tusa, Ignacio Aguaded and Santiago Tejedor Subject: This article examines how the Ecuadorian national digital press has represented the relationship between criminal violence, declining mobility, tourism contraction, and the erosion of intangible cultural access in Machala, Puerto Bolívar, and the route to Jambelí during 2025. This study aims to explain how mediated representations of insecurity can contribute to the symbolic narrowing of culturally meaningful urban–coastal spaces, even when those spaces remain materially present and formally open. The article responds to a gap in the literature at the intersection of critical heritage studies, media framing, urban fear, and Latin American security studies. The existing research has examined heritage as social practice, media representation of crime, and urban securitization, but has rarely connected these fields to explain how criminal violence erodes lived access to intangible cultural environments in secondary port cities of the Global South. Methodologically, this study applies qualitative content analysis to a purposive corpus of eight focal journalistic texts published in Ecuadorian digital outlets, such as El Universo, El Comercio, Expreso, El Mercurio, Extra, Primicias, GK, and La Hora. Deductive–inductive coding was complemented by descriptive article-level indicators of themes, keyword clusters, and temporal distribution. The findings show that the press did not merely report violent events; it progressively reorganized the symbolic meaning of Machala by re-signifying Puerto Bolívar, the marine environment, the cabotage pier, and the maritime route to Jambelí as spaces of risk, interruption, and conditional access. This study contributes conceptually by defining intangible cultural access and symbolic enclosure, empirically by documenting the mediated erosion of coastal public–cultural life, and practically by proposing integrated policy actions for security governance, cultural reactivation, local commerce, maritime mobility, and responsible public communication. 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