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Title:           Nucleoside binding by a surface lipoprotein governs conjugative ICE acquisition in mycoplasmas
Subject:         mBio 2026.17:e02939-25
Keywords:        horizontal gene transfer, integrative and conjugative element, bacterial conjugation, mycoplasma, mycoplasmopsis, nucleoside binding, lipoprotein, recipient cell
Author:          M'hamed Derriche, Laurent Xavier Nouvel, Calvin Fauvet, Núria Mach, Elisa Simon, Gwendoline Pot, Hortensia Robert, Alexandre Stella, Christian de la Fe, Renaud Maillard, Sergi Torres-Puig, Yonathan Arfi, Christine Citti, Eric Baranowski
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      Title: Nucleoside binding by a surface lipoprotein governs conjugative ICE acquisition in mycoplasmas
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        Title: RESULTS
        Children: 
         Item: 
          Title: M. agalactiae genome-encoded determinants influencing ICEA acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: M. bovis genome-encoded determinants influencing ICEB acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: Disruption of the p48 gene nearly abolishes ICEA acquisition without affecting its transfer
         Item: 
          Title: Disruption of the p48 gene induces transcriptional activation of a vestigial ICE
         Item: 
          Title: Lipoprotein P48 expression by recipient cells facilitates ICEA acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: Sequence variations in lipoprotein P48 influence ICEA acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: No detectable P48-CDS14 interaction in mating partner contact
         Item: 
          Title: Lipoprotein P48 is a substrate-binding protein involved in nucleoside uptake
         Item: 
          Title: The nucleoside-binding activity of lipoprotein P48 is required for efficient ICE acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: ICEA acquisition relies on P48 nucleoside-binding activity but not on nucleoside uptake
       Item: 
        Title: DISCUSSION
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         Item: 
          Title: Recipient determinants of ICE acquisition
         Item: 
          Title: P48 as a nucleoside-binding lipoprotein
         Item: 
          Title: One protein, two possible mechanisms
         Item: 
          Title: Nucleoside metabolism and ICE dissemination
         Item: 
          Title: A target for the control of HGT in mycoplasmas
         Item: 
          Title: Conclusion
       Item: 
        Title: MATERIALS AND METHODS
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         Item: 
          Title: Mycoplasmas, cell lines, and culture conditions
         Item: 
          Title: Random transposon mutagenesis and mapping of insertion sites
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          Title: High-throughput mating assays
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          Title: Cell culture mating assays
         Item: 
          Title: DNA constructs for protein expression in mycoplasmas
         Item: 
          Title: Western blotting
         Item: 
          Title: 5-FU inhibition and nucleoside competition assays
         Item: 
          Title: Co-IP assays
         Item: 
          Title: Proteomic analysis, data-independent acquisition, and data processing
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          Title: RNA isolation and RNA-seq
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However, the role of recipient cells in their acquisition has received little attention. Using the ruminant pathogens Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis as minimal models, we combined genome-wide transposon mutagenesis with high-throughput mating assays to identify recipient factors required for ICE acquisition. The surface lipoprotein P48 emerged as the primary determinant of ICE uptake in both species. Structural and functional analyses revealed that P48 is the substrate-binding component of an ABC transporter with nucleoside-binding capacity. A single-point mutation that abolished nucleoside binding drastically reduced ICE acquisition, demonstrating that P48-mediated nucleoside recognition is essential for conjugative transfer. However, ICE uptake did not require nucleoside transport, as inactivation of the transporter permease blocked nucleoside analog toxicity but not ICE invasion. Loss of P48 also triggered transcriptional activation of vestigial ICE genes, suggesting that surface recognition affects the intracellular state of the recipient. Remarkably, ICE transfer from recipient-derived donors was unaffected by P48 loss, underscoring its acquisition-specific role. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized, surface-exposed recipient factor critical for efficient ICE transfer in mycoplasmas and identify nucleotide binding as a central function in conjugation. By demonstrating that recipient-encoded functions can directly control ICE dissemination, this work challenges the donor-centric paradigm of bacterial conjugation and suggests new strategies to restrict horizontal gene flow in pathogenic and synthetic mycoplasmas.Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile DNA elements that drive bacterial conjugation, a major process by which bacteria exchange genes. Although conjugation has been studied for decades, the focus has been almost exclusively on donor cells and the ICE itself, leaving the role of recipient cells largely overlooked. Using the wall-less ruminant pathogens Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis as minimal models, we discovered that a single recipient lipoprotein is required for efficient ICE uptake. Our data show that nucleoside recognition by P48, but not transport, is critical for conjugation, revealing an unexpected mechanistic link between nutrient sensing and gene acquisition. These findings shift the paradigm of conjugation from a donor-driven process to one jointly determined by donor and recipient functions. 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