41e8074cc6e6950ef4fb92eefb81b5c3 336380.pdf 005d272fa96f5de40c296a2f9c7cbfaa065faf96 336380.pdf 3782aa357073e06dd3db1e0ca1843e2c7db2b8e70ffc903acf0905752e331431 336380.pdf Title: Lipoprotein-Specific Fatty Acid Profiles in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Associations with Cardiovascular History and Dietary Patterns Subject: Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterised by lifelong LDL cholesterol levels and premature presentation of cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Whether fatty acid (FA) composition in lipoproteins is modified in FH patients is not known. This study aimed to identify FA differences in low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) among young Spanish individuals with FH, treated as per guidelines recommendations, compared to their unaffected relatives with similar LDL concentrations in plasma. We also evaluated associations between the occurrence of cardiovascular event (CVE), dietary patterns, and the lipoprotein FA profile in FH. Methods: Lipoprotein FA profiles were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: In comparison to their non-FH relatives, FH patients showed changes in the FA profile, predominantly in LDL particles while HDL particles were only modestly changed. FH individuals exhibited higher concentrations of poly- and monounsaturated FAs, oleic, -linoleic, -linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids (p < 0.05). Interestingly, FH individuals showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their non-FH relatives, with no significant differences between those with and without previous CVE. The most pronounced changes in FA profile were observed in FH patients with a history of CVE, although the event itself did not significantly modify lipoprotein FA profiles. Conclusions: Well treated FH patients showed a FA profile that responded to a healthier diet than their relatives with similar plasma LDL levels. The strict lifestyle and pharmacological treatment affected positively the lipoproteins of FH patients and needs to be recommended.12pt Keywords: lipid metabolism; LC-MS/MS analysis; lipoproteins; DHA; EPA; arachidonic acid; Mediterranean diet Author: Anallely López-Yerena, Raquel Arroyo-Olivares, Victoria Santisteban, Natalia Muñoz-Garcia, Ramón Estruch, Pedro Mata, Lina Badimon and Teresa Padro Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Sat Dec 27 09:19:22 2025 CET ModDate: Sat Dec 27 10:23:02 2025 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 18 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 586101 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TXYWFW+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 122 0 QLSICX+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 123 0 ILXGXV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 124 0 YKNMAI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 125 0 WEYWXJ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 126 0 VORBJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 228 0 TMTMLM+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 252 0 KNLMHP+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 262 0 KNLOAK+PalatinoLinotype,BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 263 0 KNLMHN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 264 0 KNLMHL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 265 0 FHBIAZ+EURB7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 293 0 BLQQCU+EURM7 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 304 0 QCZXUC+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 305 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-10-07 04:14:53 CEST RepresentationInformation: 336380.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-10-06 18:39:11 CEST Size: 586101 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 529 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Subjects Item: Title: Data Collection Item: Title: Sample Collection and Biochemical Analysis Item: Title: Lipoprotein Sample Preparation Item: Title: LC/MS-MS Item: Title: Statistical Methods Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Participant Characteristics Item: Title: Adherence to MedDiet and Dietary Fatty Acid Intake Item: Title: Lipoprotein Fatty Acid Profile Children: Item: Title: Differences Between FH Individuals and Non-FH Relatives Item: Title: Differences Between FH Without CVE and Non-FH Relatives Item: Title: Differences Between FH with CVE and Non-FH Relatives Item: Title: Comparison Within the FH Population Based on CVE History Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Lipoprotein-Specific Fatty Acid Profiles in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Associations with Cardiovascular History and Dietary Patterns Author: Anallely López-Yerena, Raquel Arroyo-Olivares, Victoria Santisteban, Natalia Muñoz-Garcia, Ramón Estruch, Pedro Mata, Lina Badimon and Teresa Padro Subject: Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterised by lifelong LDL cholesterol levels and premature presentation of cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Whether fatty acid (FA) composition in lipoproteins is modified in FH patients is not known. This study aimed to identify FA differences in low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) among young Spanish individuals with FH, treated as per guidelines recommendations, compared to their unaffected relatives with similar LDL concentrations in plasma. We also evaluated associations between the occurrence of cardiovascular event (CVE), dietary patterns, and the lipoprotein FA profile in FH. Methods: Lipoprotein FA profiles were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: In comparison to their non-FH relatives, FH patients showed changes in the FA profile, predominantly in LDL particles while HDL particles were only modestly changed. FH individuals exhibited higher concentrations of poly- and monounsaturated FAs, oleic, -linoleic, -linoleic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids (p < 0.05). Interestingly, FH individuals showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their non-FH relatives, with no significant differences between those with and without previous CVE. The most pronounced changes in FA profile were observed in FH patients with a history of CVE, although the event itself did not significantly modify lipoprotein FA profiles. Conclusions: Well treated FH patients showed a FA profile that responded to a healthier diet than their relatives with similar plasma LDL levels. 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