e9e5c7eea2393b200d908694987fb648 animals-16-02357-v3.pdf bbcc064fca26cf87468a206092d29cafd55d7f61 animals-16-02357-v3.pdf db71544ee0faba4c38a899abe1399e0eb55964a5f976a253f53df1b78bf1de3f animals-16-02357-v3.pdf Title: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Mammary Gland of Lactating and Dry Murciano-Granadina Goats Subject: In goats, the influence of microRNAs on the post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in mammary development and remodeling and milk secretion has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we have obtained mammary biopsies from five lactating and four dry Murciano-Granadina goats and, subsequently, small RNA has been purified and sequenced, obtaining, on average, 11 million reads per sample with an 85% alignment rate. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequencing data revealed the expression of 342 unique microRNAs in the goat mammary gland, among which 32 were novel miRNAs. Moreover, we have determined that as many as 93 mature microRNAs are differentially expressed (fold-change 2.7, q-value = 0.05) in lactating vs. dry goats. Of these, 49 and 44 were upregulated and downregulated in lactating goats, respectively, including 13 novel miRNAs. For each one of these differentially expressed miRNAs, we have made a search of scientific literature to find out whether their functional role in lactation has been elucidated, and, if so, we have contrasted the expected (based on function) vs. the observed (inferred from the differential expression analysis) change in gene expression to determine their degree of concordance. About 82% of the miRNAs with functional information that were differentially expressed in lactating vs. dry goats showed concordance between the observed and expected directions of the change in gene expression. By integrating differential expression analysis and functional data generated by others, we have identified a set of 17 miRNAs with converging evidence of being involved in the physiological transformations associated with lactation and mammary involution. Keywords: post-transcriptional control; mammary involution; milk synthesis and secretion; metabolism Author: Mingjing Wang, Taina Figueiredo Cardoso, Antonia Noce, Endika Varela-Martínez, María Gracia Luigi-Sierra, Amparo Martínez, Juan Vicente Delgado, Jordi Jordana, Ahmed A. K. Salama, Xavier Such and Marcel Amills Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Thu Aug 6 14:00:18 2026 CEST ModDate: Thu Aug 6 14:06:13 2026 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1802860 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KDVFJK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 108 0 XWRWFM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 109 0 ZBHJOH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 110 0 JYOLWI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 111 0 EQPGOB+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 112 0 LHCXDL+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 156 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-10-20 03:56:51 CEST RepresentationInformation: animals-16-02357-v3.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-10-19 11:48:49 CEST Size: 1802860 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 616 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Approval of Animal Procedures Item: Title: Animal Material and Sampling Item: Title: Purification and Sequencing of Small RNA Item: Title: Bioinformatic Analysis of the Sequencing Data Item: Title: Results Item: Title: Discussion Children: Item: Title: Differential Expression of microRNAs with Effects on the Expression of Transcriptional Regulators and Caseins Item: Title: Differential Expression of microRNAs with Functions Related to Lipid Metabolism Item: Title: Differential Expression of microRNAs Controlling the Proliferation and Differentiation of Mammary Cells Item: Title: Differential Expression of microRNAs Involved in Immunity Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Mammary Gland of Lactating and Dry Murciano-Granadina Goats Author: Mingjing Wang, Taina Figueiredo Cardoso, Antonia Noce, Endika Varela-Martínez, María Gracia Luigi-Sierra, Amparo Martínez, Juan Vicente Delgado, Jordi Jordana, Ahmed A. K. Salama, Xavier Such and Marcel Amills Subject: In goats, the influence of microRNAs on the post-transcriptional regulation of genes involved in mammary development and remodeling and milk secretion has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we have obtained mammary biopsies from five lactating and four dry Murciano-Granadina goats and, subsequently, small RNA has been purified and sequenced, obtaining, on average, 11 million reads per sample with an 85% alignment rate. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequencing data revealed the expression of 342 unique microRNAs in the goat mammary gland, among which 32 were novel miRNAs. Moreover, we have determined that as many as 93 mature microRNAs are differentially expressed (fold-change 2.7, q-value = 0.05) in lactating vs. dry goats. Of these, 49 and 44 were upregulated and downregulated in lactating goats, respectively, including 13 novel miRNAs. For each one of these differentially expressed miRNAs, we have made a search of scientific literature to find out whether their functional role in lactation has been elucidated, and, if so, we have contrasted the expected (based on function) vs. the observed (inferred from the differential expression analysis) change in gene expression to determine their degree of concordance. About 82% of the miRNAs with functional information that were differentially expressed in lactating vs. dry goats showed concordance between the observed and expected directions of the change in gene expression. By integrating differential expression analysis and functional data generated by others, we have identified a set of 17 miRNAs with converging evidence of being involved in the physiological transformations associated with lactation and mammary involution. Keywords: post-transcriptional control; mammary involution; milk synthesis and secretion; metabolism Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Thu Aug 06 14:00:18 CEST 2026 ModDate: Thu Aug 06 14:06:13 CEST 2026 ID: 0x4f71a9a36a163352603e6cc495206f94, 0xa71393878fc58a46a656e5147416d2a8 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: EQPGOB+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 25 FontDescriptor: FontName: EQPGOB+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: KDVFJK+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 237 FontDescriptor: FontName: KDVFJK+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: LHCXDL+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 20 FontDescriptor: FontName: LHCXDL+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 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Subtype: Link Rect: 182, 731, 219, 742 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 144, 693, 182, 703 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 188, 693, 224, 703 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 27, 560, 37 Checksum: 4d73cf8d Type: CRC32 Checksum: e9e5c7eea2393b200d908694987fb648 Type: MD5 Checksum: bbcc064fca26cf87468a206092d29cafd55d7f61 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: db71544ee0faba4c38a899abe1399e0eb55964a5f976a253f53df1b78bf1de3f Type: SHA-256