ecd6727a32ea936ecd04de63d9be5124 ruminants-06-00057-v2.pdf cb97f56add3cf357881f1188a458b7387261c1ea ruminants-06-00057-v2.pdf 3fafb69f65a88ff47ebe2323b33f9a749a1b63bf7591e67811a6cebba65dd00c ruminants-06-00057-v2.pdf Title: Effects of Dietary Red Grape Pomace Silage Inclusion Levels on the Nutritional and Technological Traits of Goat Milk Subject: Grape pomace represents the main by-product generated during winemaking and is characterised by its richness in polyphenols, dietary fibre, residual sugars, lipids, and triterpenes. These bioactive compounds derived from grapes are known to positively influence oxidative status, metabolic balance, and animal productivity, positioning grape pomace as a promising, environmentally and economically sustainable alternative feed ingredient for conventional feed components. This research evaluated the effects of incorporating different inclusion rates (0, 6, 12, and 18% DM) of ensiled red grape pomace (RGP) into isoenergetic and isoproteic diets on the nutritional and technological characteristics of goat milk. Seventy-two Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected and distributed into eight homogeneous groups (n = 9 per group) based on physiological traits. Each diet was randomly assigned to two groups, and the feeding trial extended over eight weeks. After a two-week adaptation to the experimental diets, four biweekly milk samplings were performed to obtain representative bulk tank samples from each treatment group. Milk samples were analysed for gross composition, pH, mineral profile, fatty acid composition, coagulation properties, colourimetric parameters, and antioxidant capacity. The collected data were analysed using a general linear model, considering the effect of the treatment, sampling days, and their interaction (Proc. GLM, SAS v9.4). Dietary RGP inclusion had no significant effect on milk gross composition or on the antioxidant activity of the milk. However, it led to a significant reduction in milk urea content and somatic cell count, alongside improvements in the lipid profile from a human health perspective. The magnitude of the effects observed in the colourimetric parameters (<0.5 units) fell below the threshold of human visual perception and was therefore not considered relevant. RGP-fed milk also showed increased calcium and potassium concentrations, while RGP_12 milk exhibited the highest phosphorus content. In addition, the lowest RGP levels (RGP_6) reduced the rennet coagulation time while increasing milk curd aggregation rate. Despite these targeted effects, the overall milk composition remained stable, which is critical for maintaining its technological functionality. Keywords: by-products; fatty acids; lipid profile; health index; functional properties; coagulation properties Author: José Ramón Díaz, Marina Galvez-Lopez, Esther Sendra, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Jordi Saldo and Gema Romero Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25; modified using OpenPDF 1.4.2 CreationDate: Wed Jul 15 10:00:07 2026 CEST ModDate: Wed Jul 15 10:56:29 2026 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 22 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 387730 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QGQFLV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 115 0 YHNQMF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 116 0 GJYJSX+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 117 0 DLALBH+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 118 0 SVAZFM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 204 0 ZZLWJT+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 255 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 291 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 400 0 RGATGF+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 504 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-10-02 04:05:18 CEST RepresentationInformation: ruminants-06-00057-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-10-01 05:20:49 CEST Size: 387730 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 677 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: true CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: false NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Item: Title: Materials and Methods Children: Item: Title: Animals and Facilities Item: Title: Experimental Design Item: Title: Variables Analysed Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Item: Title: Results Children: Item: Title: Gross Composition Item: Title: Mineral Profile Item: Title: Fatty Acid Profile Item: Title: Milk Coagulation Properties Item: Title: Colourimetric Parameters Item: Title: Antioxidant Activity Item: Title: Discussion Item: Title: Conclusions Item: Title: References Info: Title: Effects of Dietary Red Grape Pomace Silage Inclusion Levels on the Nutritional and Technological Traits of Goat Milk Author: José Ramón Díaz, Marina Galvez-Lopez, Esther Sendra, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Jordi Saldo and Gema Romero Subject: Grape pomace represents the main by-product generated during winemaking and is characterised by its richness in polyphenols, dietary fibre, residual sugars, lipids, and triterpenes. These bioactive compounds derived from grapes are known to positively influence oxidative status, metabolic balance, and animal productivity, positioning grape pomace as a promising, environmentally and economically sustainable alternative feed ingredient for conventional feed components. This research evaluated the effects of incorporating different inclusion rates (0, 6, 12, and 18% DM) of ensiled red grape pomace (RGP) into isoenergetic and isoproteic diets on the nutritional and technological characteristics of goat milk. Seventy-two Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected and distributed into eight homogeneous groups (n = 9 per group) based on physiological traits. Each diet was randomly assigned to two groups, and the feeding trial extended over eight weeks. After a two-week adaptation to the experimental diets, four biweekly milk samplings were performed to obtain representative bulk tank samples from each treatment group. Milk samples were analysed for gross composition, pH, mineral profile, fatty acid composition, coagulation properties, colourimetric parameters, and antioxidant capacity. The collected data were analysed using a general linear model, considering the effect of the treatment, sampling days, and their interaction (Proc. GLM, SAS v9.4). Dietary RGP inclusion had no significant effect on milk gross composition or on the antioxidant activity of the milk. However, it led to a significant reduction in milk urea content and somatic cell count, alongside improvements in the lipid profile from a human health perspective. The magnitude of the effects observed in the colourimetric parameters (<0.5 units) fell below the threshold of human visual perception and was therefore not considered relevant. RGP-fed milk also showed increased calcium and potassium concentrations, while RGP_12 milk exhibited the highest phosphorus content. In addition, the lowest RGP levels (RGP_6) reduced the rennet coagulation time while increasing milk curd aggregation rate. Despite these targeted effects, the overall milk composition remained stable, which is critical for maintaining its technological functionality. 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Rect: 199, 361, 235, 371 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 335, 389, 346 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 295, 309, 332, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 309, 374, 320 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 284, 500, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 284, 542, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 397, 258, 435, 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 258, 477, 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 233, 462, 244 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 207, 461, 218 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 207, 504, 218 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 182, 266, 193 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 157, 395, 167 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 157, 437, 167 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 131, 96, 141 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 122, 106, 160, 116 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 166, 106, 202, 116 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 79, 515, 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 521, 79, 557, 90 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 27, 560, 37 Page: Sequence: 22 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 153, 731, 190, 742 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 731, 232, 742 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 705, 381, 716 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 667, 445, 678 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 641, 522, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 461, 616, 498, 627 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 27, 560, 37 Checksum: 118c5b6b Type: CRC32 Checksum: ecd6727a32ea936ecd04de63d9be5124 Type: MD5 Checksum: cb97f56add3cf357881f1188a458b7387261c1ea Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 3fafb69f65a88ff47ebe2323b33f9a749a1b63bf7591e67811a6cebba65dd00c Type: SHA-256