In Thailand, more than 40 species of groupers were reported all of them prefer to live in salinity ranged from 12-30 ppt and temperature ranged from 22-28oC. They are sluggish fish always found rest quietly among the rocky or lurching among the coral reef in natural habitat. Grouper are cultured both in cages and in earthen pond [pond culture] but about 90% of farmers culture them in nylon net cages [net culture] that are set in natural seawater.