Grafting technique used primarily to change the cultivation of an established plant -tree, shrub, or vine- either by grafting or by budding. This procedure can be done with any of the apical or side graftage grafts described earlier in this chapter, depending on the plant species. It may be preferred to removal and replacement of the entire plant, since a return to flowering and fruiting is faster with topworking an established plant than with transplanting a new nursery plant -particularly if the topgrafted/topbudded plant is young, healthy and well cared for.