In the experiment on humans, the percentages of memory cells, naive cells and activated CD4 cells changed significantly after the blood drawing in the Control Session while they did not change significantly in the Moxibustion Session. In the experiments on rabbits, the percentage of CD8 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio changed significantly after the blood drawing. Thus, blood drawing alone caused an immunological response. Although the stimulation in the Moxibustion Session included both direct moxibustion and blood drawing, the percentages of memory cells, naive cells, and activated CD4 cells did not change significantly. This result suggests that a one-week wash-out period was not long enough. Tissue damage at the punctured site and mental habituation to the needle pain may have occurred. In contrast, NK and CD4 cell percentages and the CD4/CD8 ratio showed more remarkable changes in the Moxibustion Session. These parameters seem to be more susceptible to direct moxibustion than blood drawing alone.