Budding method in which the bud is inserted into the rootstock 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 in.) above the soil level, where the bark is smooth. This method of budding is known by both names- the "T-bud" designation arises from the T-like appearance of the cut in the rootstock, whereas the "shield bud" is derived from the shield-like appearance of the bud piece when it is ready for insertion in the rootstock.