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EASIT. Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.
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Unit 4. The Profession.
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Element 1. Personal Skills.
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Interviews with translation students
or newly graduates 2.
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This video includes
an interview with Rocío García.
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Rocío holds a BA
in Translation and Interpreting
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and is currently studying
an MA in Multimedia Translation.
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In this interview,
Rocío talks about subtitling nowadays,
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to what extent these subtitles
are accessible for all
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and how they could be improved.
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Hi, I'm Teresa Otero and I'm studying
an MA in Multimedia Translation.
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at the Universidade de Vigo.
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I'm going to interview Rocío García
about accessible subtitling.
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Rocío was my classmate during the BA
and she still is in the MA.
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How are you, Rocío?
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Hello, I'm fine, just starting
the second term of the MA.
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Are you ready for the questions?
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Yes, I'll try to answer the best I can.
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I'm sure you will.
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First of all, we'd like
to hear your opinion
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on the subtitling that is used
on TV, streaming platforms, etc.
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In your opinion, is it
really accessible for everyone?
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Including people whose first language
is Spanish sign language,
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who have cognitive disabilities
or who have learning problems.
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As you know, some require more time
to process the content of the text.
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What do you think?
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I don't think they are.
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Apart from subtitles for the deaf,
which may be more widely known,
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especially by us
because we've worked with them
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in the BA and will probably
study them again in the MA.
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I think that most subtitles
are designed for people
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without any kind of disability,
needing the subtitles to be adapted
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to their needs.
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So I'd say they're not
too accessible, so to speak.
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Some of the non-adapted subtitles
that I've seen
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don't even follow the rules
we were taught in the BA,
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so I don't want to imagine
how these adapted subtitles can be.
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Do you think simplifying the subtitles
could be a good way
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to adapt them to these users?
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I think so.
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I believe it could be
one of the main strategies.
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I suppose everything
could be based on simplification
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but it's also important to understand
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that the people we're talking about...
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That each group of people
has specific needs
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so it's not the same
to create subtitles for deaf people
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than to create them
for cognitively disabled people.
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They have different needs.
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And simplification will vary
depending on the group's necessities.
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But, in my opinion,
simplification would be, in general
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the main strategy that should be followed.
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This question raises some issues.
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Should we use
a version that caters to everyone?
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Or should we create
different targeted versions
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for deaf people, and on the other hand
for people with cognitive disabilities?
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It's a complex issue.
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I wanted to ask you something.
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As far as I know,
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some of these users
might feel uncomfortable
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with the idea
of their version being simplified
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because they might think
you're omitting information...
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or maybe...
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think something's missing.
What do you think?
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Should we use other strategies
rather than just simplifying?
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Sure. For me, simplification
depends on the situation.
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For example, simplification
might be more appropriate
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for people
with intellectual disabilities
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who need a simple vocabulary,
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shorter and easier sentences,
a less technical vocabulary...
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It will all depend on the content,
the audiovisual material...
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But...
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Even regular subtitles for people
who don't have specific needs
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omit pieces of information
and contain elements
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that allow the creation
of functional subtitles.
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So in this case,
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although there might be people
who think there's missing information
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or that it's being manipulated,
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I think it's important
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to make subtitles
that are accessible for all
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in spite of using these strategies.
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Then we have subtitles
for people without any disabilities
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which aren't as accessible.
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I guess that, if we make a comparison
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they're less modified
regarding their content.
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But, of course, it's very difficult
to satisfy all needs
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and please everyone.
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I guess someone should make
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some standard accessible subtitles
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so that all people
with specific needs could access them.
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Obviously, there are
different needs within each group
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and it's almost impossible
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to cater to all their needs
and all their preferences.
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But I think it's necessary
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that we have some subtitles
that are accessible for most people.
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It's very interesting
that you bring up this topic.
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As I told you, this is a loaded issue
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and researchers haven't found
a solution yet,
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they're still studying this topic.
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So, the next question.
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What kind of adaptations
or simplifications would you propose
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for these subtitles?
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Once again, I believe it depends
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on the specific group in question.
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Deaf people will need
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specific subtitles and specific strategies
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and people with other disabilities
will need other ones.
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It's like I said before:
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simpler vocabulary and sentences
for intellectually disabled people...
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I'm not an expert nor am I familiar
with all the specific needs
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of different users
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but there must be some rules
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on how to write a text
to make it accessible for each group.
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So I guess subtitles should be adapted
to the specific needs of each group.
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We must always bear in mind
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that each group will need
different strategies.
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As far as I know
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some deaf people, for example
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need the structures to be modified
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so that they follow a concept order
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that may differ from oral language.
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Of course, because they process
information differently.
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Moreover, I think
there must be some rules,
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especially in the case of deaf people,
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in order to create subtitles
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that are truly accessible
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and easy to understand.
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When I studied translation
and subtitling in the BA,
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I found it difficult
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as I didn't know enough
about subtitling for the deaf
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to create specific subtitles
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since I don't have those special needs.
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So it's important to establish some rules
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at grammar level, for example
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to create texts
that are easy to understand
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and accessible for these users.
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That's very interesting.
I see you're well up on the subject.
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Do you think it's possible to apply
these strategies to all programmes?
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Let's think about a comedy show.
Do you think it's possible
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to implement the same modifications
as in a documentary?
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I think that each type
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of audiovisual material
will need different strategies.
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As you said, a technical documentary
about a very specific topic
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is not the same as a comedy show
or a cartoon.
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It's not the same.
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So, if different groups of people
need different subtitles
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I believe the strategies
that must be chosen
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for each kind of audiovisual product
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will also need to be different.
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Because...
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As you said, a comedy show
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will need certain strategies
so that each group
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can understand the message
and the meaning of the text.
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You wouldn't apply
these strategies to a message
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that deals with technical
or specialised topics.
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I agree.
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However, I don't know
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which measures
we should take as subtitlers
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so I won't to go into detail.
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But it could be possible.
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I think everyone should have access
to all these products
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not just the ones
which are easier to subtitle,
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"I'm going to subtitle this product,
as it's easy to make it accessible
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but this other one is too hard
and technical. I'd rather not do it."
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I don't think
that would be right nor ethical.
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We must find solutions
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that convey
all the information and contents
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in the most accessible way.
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I agree with you.
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Do you ever watch any shows
with these adapted subtitles?
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Honestly, I don't.
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I do have experience
with subtitling for the deaf
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I already knew about it
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but these subtitles for people
with intellectual disabilities...
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I had never heard about them.
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But if you start thinking
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you realise that they're necessary.
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From our point of view...
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We don't realise that people
need many different kinds of subtitles.
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We think about subtitling for the deaf
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or maybe audiodescription
for blind people.
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We just don't broaden
the scope of accessibility.
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It's fascinating that you have
such a broad view
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of all communicative needs.
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-It's very interesting.
-Thank you.
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So, the last question.
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Have you ever heard
of the concept easy to read?
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What do you know about it?
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Well, I think it's related
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rather to people
with intellectual disabilities.
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I think it consists
of creating simplified texts
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which are easier to understand
for these users.
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I think it could be useful
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to create strategies to make subtitles
for specific groups.
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I don't know much about this.
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I don't know if there's
some sort of standard.
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There might already be
an official standard
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on how these texts should be written.
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I suppose they deal
with all kinds of texts
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not just simple texts.
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I guess...
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they're made so that these users
have access to all kinds of content.
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Then, as I said, you can draw from there
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the strategies to create
subtitles for these people.
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As I told you, it's a question
that hasn't been answered yet.
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As I said before, maybe
there are users that say,
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"Something's missing in the subtitles.
I don't know why they're simplified.
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I understand them perfectly,
I don't need this easy to read."
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It's... of course...
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As we said before, should there be
just one version or many versions?
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Should those versions
be simplified or not?
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This would be ideal:
the more versions we have
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and the more accessible
and customised, the better.
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-This may be unrealistic--
-Sure.
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But it would be ideal
if we want to be truly inclusive
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and let everyone
have access to the same content
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and have the same opportunities
as non-disabled people.
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I totally agree with you.
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Do you want to add anything else?
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No, I think we've said
everything we needed to.
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Thanks for your time and your answers,
I've found them really interesting.
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Thank you for asking them.
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So that's all.
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-See you!
-We'll keep in touch.
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-Thanks, Teresa.
-Thank you, Rocío.
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This video was prepared
by Teresa Otero and Rocío García
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from Universidade de Vigo
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and produced by Jesús Meiriño-Gómez,
from Universidade de Vigo.
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EASIT has received funding
from the EC programme
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Erasmus+ Strategic Partnerships
for Higher Education
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grant agreement 2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275.
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The EC support for this publication
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does not endorse the contents
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which reflect the authors' views.
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The EC cannot be held responsible
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for any use
of the information contained therein.
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This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons Attribution
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ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Partners of the EASIT project.
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
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Università Degli Studi Di Trieste.
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Universidade de Vigo.
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Stiftung Universität Hildesheim.
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EASIT. Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.