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(Anna) Hi, my name is Anna.
I’m 53 years old.

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I’m temporarily living with my
mother and father during the pandemic.

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(Jenny) My name is Jenny Hammarlund.
I am Anna’s mother.

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I’m 78 years old.

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Anna is living with us during the pandemic.
I agree with what Anna said.

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(Ester) Anna, do you usually watch
TV and listen to the radio?

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(Anna) Yes, all the time.

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(Ester) What kind of 
programs do you prefer?

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00:01:32,464 --> 00:01:34,153
(Anna) Hm.

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P3, always. I love P3.
I don’t know why, but I like it.

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00:01:40,320 --> 00:01:43,244
I listen mostly to P3 (on the radio).

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They deal with clear issues.

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It has to do with “The Morning Show”.
I like when they have a bit of fun.

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00:01:51,365 --> 00:01:56,167
I also listen to
“P3 Documentary” sometimes.

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00:01:57,005 --> 00:02:04,225
And late on Monday evenings
I listen to “Jack's Ghost Stories”.

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Stories in the evening on the radio.
It's the best thing to listen to.

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And there's music that goes with it.

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It's good to sleep to.
It's the best thing you can do.

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00:02:16,333 --> 00:02:22,087
(Ester) Do you usually watch the news?
(Anna) A bit, I'd say.

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(Ester) When you watch TV
or listen to the radio,-

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-do you ever think
it’s hard to understand?

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00:02:31,467 --> 00:02:34,023
(Anna) Certain words. Sometimes.

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00:02:35,373 --> 00:02:37,187
(Ester) What about it is difficult?

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00:02:37,488 --> 00:02:41,203
(Anna) Boring and repetitive things.
About Donald Trump the whole time.

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00:02:41,541 --> 00:02:45,182
Can't they try and talk about
something other than Donald Trump?

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I would rather they talk about
when we will be vaccinated.

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00:02:51,485 --> 00:02:56,102
Not about Corona.
I’m sick of the corona virus.

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00:02:57,225 --> 00:03:02,176
(Ester) It's hard when 
a topic is boring?

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00:03:03,034 --> 00:03:07,029
(Anna) It's boring, and I don’t 
know certain words.

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00:03:07,330 --> 00:03:11,116
I want to watch 
other things than just news.

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00:03:11,417 --> 00:03:16,056
A little news is OK.
Then they need to speak clearly.

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00:03:16,360 --> 00:03:21,106
They hop over certain words.
I don’t get what they're doing.

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They are so strange sometimes.

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(Ester) “News in easy Swedish” on TV
and “Clear text” on the radio- 

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-do you think the language they use
is easy to understand?

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00:03:35,412 --> 00:03:39,025
(Anna) A bit, I’d say.

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00:03:39,326 --> 00:03:44,016
(Ester) Would you want
more radio and TV programs-

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00:03:44,317 --> 00:03:46,244
-to talk that way?

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00:03:47,001 --> 00:03:50,035
(Anna) Yes, I think so.

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00:03:50,336 --> 00:03:55,167
(Jenny) Anna listened to TV,
to “News in easy Swedish”.

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00:03:55,468 --> 00:03:58,125
Anna, you thought
it was really good.

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00:03:58,426 --> 00:03:59,132
It was calm...

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00:03:59,433 --> 00:04:01,024
(Anna) Yes, it was easier.

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00:04:01,325 --> 00:04:05,156
(Jenny) They were cool and collected.
And in easier words.

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00:04:05,457 --> 00:04:08,196
(Jenny) I think you understood everything.
(Anna) Yes, I did.

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00:04:08,497 --> 00:04:11,206
(Jenny) When we listened to it
quarter past five on TV.

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00:04:11,507 --> 00:04:13,211
(Anna) Yeah, it was better.

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00:04:13,512 --> 00:04:16,001
(Jenny) Exactly.

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00:04:17,052 --> 00:04:24,244
(Ester) The problem Jenny mentioned
before, about finding programs.

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00:04:24,545 --> 00:04:28,233
It's not always easy
to know when they are.

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00:04:28,533 --> 00:04:34,046
(Anna) Yeah, it’s hard to find them.
I can’t do it. It's difficult.

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00:04:34,351 --> 00:04:39,025
(Ester) Then you need 
someone else to find the program?

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00:04:39,326 --> 00:04:40,198
(Anna) Exactly.

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00:04:41,113 --> 00:04:46,124
(Ester) Jenny, you mentioned
that they are hard to find.

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00:04:46,724 --> 00:04:52,244
(Jenny) Yes. Anna is living with us.
We try to help her find things.

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00:04:52,545 --> 00:04:56,003
Every morning Anna, you ask. 

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00:04:56,304 --> 00:04:57,154
(Anna) Yeah, I do.

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(Jenny) “What's on TV today?” 
you ask.

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00:05:00,368 --> 00:05:04,161
Then we look at the TV guide 
in the daily news.

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00:05:04,462 --> 00:05:09,096
We don’t see when things are.
It’s very hard to find.

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00:05:09,696 --> 00:05:13,195
When is it,
And what programs have audio descriptions? 

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00:05:13,496 --> 00:05:18,234
Information is lacking
about these particular things.

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00:05:18,535 --> 00:05:22,054
Another problem I see,-

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-Anna is an avid listener of P3.

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00:05:26,358 --> 00:05:32,145
It's then difficult 
to suddenly switch to P1 on the radio.

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00:05:32,446 --> 00:05:36,204
To find the program.
And keep track of the time.

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00:05:36,505 --> 00:05:41,135
And then there’s the 5-minute program,
a short piece on P1 in the evening-

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-that Anna doesn’t listen to.

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00:05:43,392 --> 00:05:47,156
Those of us around her have to
set an alarm.

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00:05:47,457 --> 00:05:51,035
And tell her, “It's time to 
listen to the 5-minute news.”

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00:05:51,336 --> 00:05:55,047
It's not worth it
for such a short program.

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00:05:55,348 --> 00:05:58,055
It’s a bit of a pain.

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00:05:58,386 --> 00:06:01,243
Now that she's living at home,
we help her.

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00:06:01,544 --> 00:06:05,093
But the staff at her home
would never be able to- 

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00:06:05,394 --> 00:06:10,173
-keep track of when the 5-minute news
is on P1 on the radio, I don’t think.

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00:06:13,044 --> 00:06:17,298
(Ester) If you were to tell
a student going to school-

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00:06:17,599 --> 00:06:21,201
-for TV and radio...

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00:06:21,535 --> 00:06:31,041
What would journalists have to learn, 
and how should they work-

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00:06:31,342 --> 00:06:37,045
-to make it easier
for you to understand? 

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00:06:39,143 --> 00:06:40,298
(Jenny) Easy words.

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00:06:40,599 --> 00:06:43,131
(Anna) Exactly.

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00:06:44,233 --> 00:06:48,146
But what happens...

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00:06:51,194 --> 00:06:54,237
It’s a bit difficult.
I don’t know.

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00:06:56,176 --> 00:06:57,237
(Jenny) What about Henrik?

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00:06:57,538 --> 00:07:03,052
(Anna) Yeah, Henrik. Couldn’t he do it?
He's better, and it works.

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00:07:03,383 --> 00:07:06,064
(Ester) What does Henrik do?

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00:07:06,365 --> 00:07:12,083
(Anna) He talks slowly about nature.
In a program I listen to sometimes.

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00:07:12,384 --> 00:07:16,059
He's very easy to understand.
And he tells you everything.

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00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:18,215
He should do the news too.

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00:07:22,067 --> 00:07:25,136
The “Seven Continents” program
I listen to,-

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00:07:25,437 --> 00:07:29,078
-you could say it's
slower and clearer.

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00:07:29,379 --> 00:07:33,067
He explains every detail.
All about animals and stuff.

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00:07:33,368 --> 00:07:36,155
It's the best.
I listen to that.

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00:07:36,456 --> 00:07:40,019
I can concentrate
and hear everything he says.

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00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:42,054
It's the best thing to listen to.

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00:07:42,355 --> 00:07:46,022
(Jenny) Of course, we check
if there's a nature program-

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00:07:46,323 --> 00:07:48,062
-for Anna to watch.

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00:07:48,363 --> 00:07:53,233
(Jenny) There’s also “Veterinärerna”.
(Anna) Yeah, that’s good too.

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00:07:53,534 --> 00:07:56,127
(Jenny) It’s a program about veterinarians.
It’s not Henrik.

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00:07:56,428 --> 00:08:00,001
But they also talk about 
what they're doing with the animals.

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00:08:00,361 --> 00:08:06,236
In some programs with audio descriptions 
there can be too much talking.

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00:08:06,537 --> 00:08:12,198
That's why it’s good
if the journalist doing the interview-

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00:08:12,499 --> 00:08:17,062
-or the person at the clinic 
does the talking instead.

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00:08:17,363 --> 00:08:22,157
That they say things like,
“Now the dog is...” or the dog's name.

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00:08:22,458 --> 00:08:26,076
Instead of the audio description 
narrator saying it.

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00:08:26,377 --> 00:08:33,156
That the journalist 
describes things.

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00:08:33,496 --> 00:08:38,158
Describe, but you don’t need
to add so much.

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00:08:38,459 --> 00:08:42,123
(Ester) It’s enough to describe a bit
of what’s happening on screen?

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00:08:42,424 --> 00:08:45,079
(Jenny) That they describe.
I think it's good for everyone.

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00:08:45,380 --> 00:08:50,083
Even the group that has
difficulties understanding.

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00:08:50,384 --> 00:08:57,091
It’s better when descriptions
come in the situation itself.

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00:09:00,201 --> 00:09:04,213
(Hasse) My name is Hasse Hammarlund.
I am Anna’s father.

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00:09:04,514 --> 00:09:08,083
I’m 78 years old.

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00:09:08,384 --> 00:09:14,043
At the moment, Anna is living 
with us during the pandemic.

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00:09:17,133 --> 00:09:23,139
(Ester) Hasse, you had some thoughts 
about what could make journalism-

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00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:28,185
on the radio and TV 
easier to understand.

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00:09:28,486 --> 00:09:33,221
You talked about 
natural ambient noise.

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00:09:33,523 --> 00:09:36,108
Can you explain what you mean?

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00:09:36,493 --> 00:09:42,226
(Hasse) I’ve given it a lot of thought.
I used to be a sound technician.

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00:09:43,053 --> 00:09:49,007
When you are visually impaired
you use your sense of hearing.

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00:09:49,308 --> 00:09:52,197
That means that quite a bit
of how you understand the world-

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00:09:52,498 --> 00:09:55,201
-comes from natural sounds.

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00:09:55,502 --> 00:10:02,065
That means that programs 
with natural sounds in the background-

133
00:10:02,366 --> 00:10:07,148
-give a better idea
of what you're seeing.

132
00:10:08,011 --> 00:10:11,024
It adds to the audio description-

134
00:10:11,325 --> 00:10:15,093
-if you try to use 
natural background sounds.

135
00:10:15,402 --> 00:10:18,234
Especially in movies.

136
00:10:19,019 --> 00:10:26,144
There, the tradition is
to add mood enhancing music.

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00:10:26,463 --> 00:10:33,025
But it detracts from the sounds 
needed to increase understanding.

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00:10:33,339 --> 00:10:40,026
(Ester) Can you give a few examples
of natural sounds?

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00:10:40,327 --> 00:10:49,192
(Hasse) We’ve seen that nature programs
tend to let nature speak-

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00:10:49,493 --> 00:10:51,216
-through its own sounds.

141
00:10:51,517 --> 00:10:57,159
They let the background sounds
act as part of the description.

142
00:10:57,842 --> 00:11:01,191
In some ways, nature programs...

143
00:11:02,123 --> 00:11:08,136
It’s only logical to 
hear birds chirping, not music.

144
00:11:09,003 --> 00:11:14,044
If you can’t see,
it increases understanding,

145
00:11:14,345 --> 00:11:19,209
I can hear birds chirping.
And I can hear a car in the background.

146
00:11:19,510 --> 00:11:23,112
It’s part of your understanding.

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00:11:23,413 --> 00:11:28,243
(Ester) How could you use
this in news journalism?

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00:11:28,544 --> 00:11:33,204
(Hasse)Journalists and those doing the recording 
have to think about-

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00:11:33,505 --> 00:11:39,116
-incorporating an explanatory 
and natural sound scape.

150
00:11:39,417 --> 00:11:45,248
It would be great to include ambient noise
that could aid understanding.