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Unit 3A,
Easy to understand and subtitling

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element 1, Processes

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Interview with users
on what they think of E2U SDH.

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This video includes
an interview with Costanza Marini.

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She holds a BA in Applied
Interlinguistic Communication

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from Università di Trieste

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and an MA
in Linguistics and Modern Languages

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from Università di Pavia.

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She is currently a PhD candidate
in Linguistic Sciences

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at Università di Bergamo.

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In this interview, Costanza
talks about subtitling nowadays

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to what extent these subtitles
are accessible for all

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and how they could be improved.

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Hi.

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I'm Roberta Cepak, a PhD candidate
at Pompeu Fabra University

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in Barcelona.

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My field of study is Translation

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and I'm here today
with my dear friend Costanza Marini

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who is also a PhD candidate
and agreed to collaborate with us.

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Hi, Costanza. Do you want
to introduce yourself briefly?

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Of course. My name is Costanza Marini

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and I am a PhD candidate
at the University of Bergamo.

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I specialize in Linguistics,
specifically Croatian.

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Okay, very well.

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Today, I want to talk with you
about subtitling

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specifically for the deaf
and the hard of hearing.

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Do you perhaps
use subtitling in your daily life?

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Yes, I do.

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I use captions.

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When there is the option,
I usually use captions.

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I tend to use them
for one or two reasons.

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It's either because
I'm in a noisy room

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and I wouldn't be able
to understand what has been said

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if I didn't have captions on.

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Or I use them for learning purposes

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language learning purposes.

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When I want to practice my Croatian

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then I put on
either English or Croatian subtitles

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to understand more of what's going on
and learn new vocabulary.

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I do the same when I'm not sure
if I'm going to understand something

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or maybe I'm in a loud room.

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Yeah, they're very useful.

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On which platforms do you use them

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or do you only use them
on the TV maybe?

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No, I use them on several platforms:

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Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+

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but also Sky Q.

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Okay.

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And, among all the captions
you've been using on these platforms

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do you find them all to be accessible
to all the people in the audience

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or maybe sometimes
they could be adapted?

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I think that they could be adapted

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especially if we think of people
who are cognitively impaired

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and are not able to decode

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what's written in the caption
at the same speed as us.

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So I would say that definitely
some captions might need improvement

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maybe in terms of syntax,
so I would go for shorter sentences

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and maybe I would also avoid
using too many modifiers

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in noun phrases

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and I would also maybe
simplify the vocabulary

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in so far as maybe exchanging
less frequent words

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with more frequent equivalents,
so synonyms and the like.

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Of course.

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Yeah, those are all
very good options.

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Do you think that these adaptations
you've been naming

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could be actually implemented
in all the platforms

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or maybe also on TV, and, if so

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could they be used
in all broadcast content?

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Well

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I would say that yes,
they can be used

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on all the platforms.

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Maybe, when you think of the layout,
the way that users view captions

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in some contexts they might be
more useful than others.

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When there are a lot of characters
interacting with each other in a scene

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in that case I would say
that having captions

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that are close
to the characters speaking

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is more useful than having captions
in a documentary film

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with only one narrator.

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But that doesn't mean
that you can't improve

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and use captions for a documentary

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simplifying the syntax
of what the narrator is saying

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for cognitive impaired people,
but also normal users.

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Yes

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I agree with you.

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But now think about it. Do you think

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all captions are always easy to use

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or sometimes they could be difficult
to read or to comprehend even?

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Maybe sometimes I have experienced
some discomfort if you think about it

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when using captions

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that don't allow me to appreciate
what's going on in the scenes

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sometimes you have big captions

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at the bottom of your screen

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and that doesn't allow you
to see what's going on.

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Not being able to choose the size
or the colour of the captions...

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that's annoying.

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So I would say that's a feature
that could be added for improvement.

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Okay, yes.

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So you would customise the format

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and the colours
of the subtitles and captions.

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Definitely, yeah.
-Yeah.

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Our time is up, but thank you so much
for taking part in this interview

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and I will see you soon.

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Thanks to you, thank you very much.
See you soon.

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This video was prepared
by Roberta Cepak

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from Universitat Pompeu Fabra

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and Costanza Marini,
from Univesità di Bergamo

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and produced by Jesús Meiriño-Gómez,
from Universidade de Vigo.