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EASIT. Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.

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This is Unit 3A,
Easy to understand and subtitling

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element 1, Processes

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videolecture, Sample 3:

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Case study of SDH simplification

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following E2U principles.

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I am Luis Alonso,
from Universidade de Vigo, in Spain

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and in this short video lecture

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created by my colleague
Ana Pereira-Rodríguez

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I will be illustrating
some characteristics

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of E2U Spanish subtitles.

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This video presents a case study
that concerns the creation

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of E2U interlingual subtitles

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for an informative video.

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Both Easy-to-Read recommendations

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and those for subtitles
for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

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have been followed to prepare
the materials in this sample.

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The original video was created

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within the framework
of the project Begriplig text

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which means
"understandable text" in Swedish.

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The project aimed
to provide recommendations

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about how to convey easy-to-read
and easy-to-understand information.

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You can watch the original video

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with standard English subtitles

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at the URL on the screen.

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The video is entitled

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"Textmakthavare
Camilla möter Christina NV."

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We would like to thank our partner
Ester Hedberg and Camilla

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for providing us
with the necessary rights.

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Before watching the video

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let me put forward
some characteristics of the subtitles.

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Regarding the visual presentation

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the subtitles are displayed
in the lower bottom part of the video

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over a black background
to ensure good contrast.

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Subtitles have a maximum
of 2 lines of 37 characters each.

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The display time
is of about 10 characters per second.

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This is within the SDH recommendation

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of a maximum
of 15 characters per second.

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As for the text font

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we have used
the sans-serif font-type Verdana

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size 39.

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Our two-line subtitles are centred
and not left-aligned

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because we were not able
to record them this way

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and use the colour codes
and borders at the same time.

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However, we recommend left-alignment

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as in any E2U text.

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Regarding the editorial aspects,
subtitles follow the recommendations

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put forward in the video lectures
on this topic

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elaborated by Rocío Bernabé Caro
and Piero Cavallo

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from SDI München, in Germany

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and Sergio Hernández
from the University of Hildesheim.

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We have used simple sentences

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the present tense almost always
and the active voice

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and have avoided
special characters.

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For instance, we have eliminated
the three dots used in the original

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and the dashes in the dialogues
because we used colours instead.

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We have also eliminated
the per cent sign

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in "13% of all Swedish adults"

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and we used
"algunos adultos suecos" instead.

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The abbreviation "MSB"

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which stands for
"Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency"

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has been eliminated

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and "una agencia de emergencias"
has been used instead.

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Another characteristic of this sample

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is that sentences
follow the Subject-Verb-Object order

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as closely as possible.

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Whenever possible,
we have created lines and subtitles

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that comprise one sentence
and one idea.

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But, in some cases, we couldn’t

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so we have split sentences
into two lines or two subtitles.

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Segmentation was done carefully

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bearing in mind
that some groups of words

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should remain together.

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Lastly, the original
has the difficult word "aphasia."

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As you will see, we have simplified it
by explaining it.

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To do so, it has been replaced by

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"Me ayuda a usar el lenguaje.
Tengo dificultades para leer".

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We have used one of the techniques

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from the Deaf
and Hard of Hearing subtitling

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to identify speakers

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in order to avoid possible ambiguity
as to who is speaking.

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This technique consists of using
different colours for different speakers

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so we used the yellow for Christina
and the green for Camilla.

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Titles and inserts are displayed
in white in our subtitles.

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Apart from identifying speakers

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contextual information
is also music, sounds

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and suprasegmental
or prosodic features.

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In this video,
background music can be heard.

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However, it adds no relevant
or necessary information

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to understand the message.

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That is why we did not add
this contextual feature.

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Finally, as far as prosodic features
are concerned

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Camilla’s aphasia affects
not only reading of texts

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but also production of speech.

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This feature can be marked
introducing a descriptive tag.

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However, we think that
it is neither necessary, nor relevant

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as the video
deals with Camilla’s problems

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when reading and how to solve them.

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E2U recommendations

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together with those of subtitling
for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

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are a good point of departure
to elaborate this type of subtitling.

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We consider of special relevance:
First, those related to reading speed

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which should be a slow
and confortable one.

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Second, those related to a careful
and accurate segmentation

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which promotes
a better understanding of the message.

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And, finally,
those related to the inclusion

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of contextual information
when it is needed and relevant.

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This video lecture has been prepared
by Ana Pereira-Rodríguez

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from Universidade de Vigo.

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You can reach her at pereira@uvigo.es.

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We have worked together
with SDI München, in Germany.

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EASIT has received funding
from the EC programme

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Erasmus+ Strategic Partnerships
for Higher Education

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grant agreement
2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275.

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The EC support for this publication

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does not endorse the contents

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which reflect the authors' views.

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The EC cannot be held responsible

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for any use
of the information contained therein.

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This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons Attribution

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ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Partners of the EASIT project.

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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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Università Degli Studi Di Trieste.

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Universidade de Vigo.

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Stiftung Universität Hildesheim.

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SDI München.

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Dyslexiförbundet.

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Radiotelevizija Slovenja.

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Zavod RISA.

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EASIT. Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.