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EASIT: Easy Access 
for Social Inclusion Training

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This is Unit 2:

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Easy-to-understand language,
in short E2U.

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Element 5: Visual presentation 
of easy-to-understand language.

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Video lecture: 
Visual presentation of E2U: images.

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My name is Sergio Hernandez Garrido
from the University of Hildesheim.

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This short video lecture is about 

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the visual presentation 
of content in E2U.

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The focus is on the use of images.

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We talk about the aspects 
that have to be considered

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when images will be used in texts 
in Easy and Plain Language.

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An important function of images:
enhance comprehensibility.

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One of the most important aspects
when using images in a text in E2U

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is that the image should have 
a purpose in a text.

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Images should refer 
to the text's content

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and serve the purpose
of exemplifying, adding information,

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securing comprehensibility 
or summarizing information. 

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The relation between the images 
and the text must be clear.

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Comprehensibility is the most
important principle of E2U content.

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Even if aesthetics may still 
serve a purpose, 

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 it is of reduced importance.

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Purely decorative images 
should not be integrated

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in a text in Easy or Plain Language.

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It must be carefully decided 
what images are to be used.

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Images can help to make 
abstract information more visible.

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This is only helpful if the image
used is itself not abstract.

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Charts and diagrams are effective 
to clarify abstract content.

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As an example 
for this use of images,

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we show a chart used in a pamphlet
about inheritance law.

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The text was created
by the Research Centre for Easy Language

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in cooperation with the 
Ministry of Justice of Lower Saxony.

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Family relations may be difficult 
to explain with just written text. 

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For that reason, it was decided 
to create charts that show 

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how the persons are related
to each other

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in order to illustrate who inherits
how much.

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Here, an abstract subject 
was made more comprehensible 

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through the use of a visual tool.

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The text works with the chart 
to clarify the inheritance rules. 

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In this case, the use of images 
was not primarily a choice

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to increase the text aesthetics.

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The chart is intended 
to increase comprehensibility.

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There is no empirical proof 
on the comprehensibility 

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of charts and diagrams 
for the primary target groups. 

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Especially the group 
with cognitive impairments 

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may have problems
understanding abstract content.

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No matter which resource 
is used to display it,

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 be it verbal or non-verbal.

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Another function of images:
enhance acceptability.

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In the chapter 
on pragmatic aspects of E2U

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we stressed that easy-to-understand
languages work on acceptability.

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Images are a powerful resource,
but they are also ambivalent. 

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Different parts of the target groups 

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or even individuals
within the same target groups

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might react differently with respect
to the same type of imagery.

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In the German context, 

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Easy Language texts are often
illustrated with naive images. 

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These images usually make 
no contribution to comprehensibility

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and are purely illustrative.

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But they signal that a text belongs
to the Easy Language universe. 

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They tag the text as inoffensive 
and highly comprehensible.

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Even if they do not 
contribute themselves

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to the comprehensibility of the text.

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These images work

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for some of the target groups
on the motivation barrier. 

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We talk about 
the motivation barrier 

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when we address 
pragmatic aspects of E2U. 

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For other parts of the primary groups

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and for most
of the secondary target groups, 

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that is the general public that are
confronted with Easy Language texts

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or for experts that work
with Easy Language 

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with the primary target groups,

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those naive images 
have a very different effect.

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These images 
in their differentness stress

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that the users 
are cognitively impaired. 

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They are unacceptable 
for most adult users.

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These images might therefore 
trigger stigmatisation processes. 

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Regarding the usage of images 
in E2U content,

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further empirical research is needed. 

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Some projects concerning
different image resources 

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regarding the comprehensibility
and acceptability for the primary groups

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are under way at the University
of Mainz/Germersheim in Germany.

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This video lecture has been prepared
by Sergio Hernandez and Christiane Maaß

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from the University of Hildesheim. 

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You can reach us at:
easit@uni-hildesheim.de

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The project EASIT 
has received funding

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from the European Commission

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under the Erasmus+ 
Strategic Partnerships 

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for Higher Education programme,

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grant agreement
2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275. 

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The European Commission support
for the production of the publication

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does not constitute 
an endorsement of the contents, 

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which reflect 
the views only of the authors,

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and the Commission 
cannot be held responsible 

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for any use which may be made of 
the information contained therein.

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This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons

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Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International License.

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Partners of the EASIT project:

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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

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Università degli studi di Trieste

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Universidade de Vigo

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Stiftung Universitat Hildesheim

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SDI München

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Dyslexiförbundet

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Radio Televizija Slovenija

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Zavod Risa

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EASIT: Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training

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Subtitled by: Sabrina Januzik.