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EASIT: Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.

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This is unit 2: Easy-to-understand
language, 

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in short E2U.

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Element 1: Understanding E2U.

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Video lecture:

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Modalities and different forms 
of media realisation.

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My name is Christiane Maaß 
from the University of Hildesheim.

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In this short video lecture, 

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we will talk about the modalities

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and different forms 
of media realisation of E2U.

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We will focus on Easy Language,

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including Easy-to-read, 

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as well as Plain Language.

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There are different definitions of
the term “modality”. 

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In this video lecture, the term
modality refers 

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to the sensory channels addressed
through a specific content.

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For example,
seeing, hearing, touch etc. 

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This means: A multimodal text 
is a text that addresses

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at least two sensory channels.

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For example, audio visual content,

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which has both 
audio and visual content.

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Easy Language and Plain Language

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both have traditionally been used
in written communication. 

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The term “Easy-to-read”

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already tells in itself that it
focuses on written texts. 

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This is not only true for the
English-speaking world,

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but also for other languages.

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Like for instance Swedish,

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where
Easy-to-read is called “Lättläst”,

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which is Swedish for “easy reading”.

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And in Spanish,

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where Easy-to-read
is called “lectura fácil”, 

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which is Spanish for “easy reading”.

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The rulesets for Easy Language and
Plain Language

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are primarily made for written
texts. 

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And the current legislation focuses
as well

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on written texts for Easy and Plain
Language.

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We will give more information on the
rulesets

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and the international and
national legislation

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in other video
lectures in this Unit.

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So, Easy Language and Plain Language

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have mainly been used
in written communication.

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And the content 
in Easy and Plain Language 

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has therefore 
mainly been made in printed form

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and in written digital formats. 

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In both cases, the texts are an
additional service 

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that is supposed to help people 
that do not understand

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the original standard or expert
language text. 

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Texts in Easy Language 
or Plain Language 

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should never replace the original
texts.

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But it is not enough for
accessibility and inclusion

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if only written texts 
in EL and PL are produced.

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Actually, the target groups of
easy-to-understand language

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tend not to have 
written texts as a preference. 

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And a disproportional part of the
Easy Language target groups

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is among the off-liners

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and do not prefer the Internet 
as a source for information.

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As Easy and Plain Language text
offers are mostly additional offers,

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they are not placed in front row

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or on the entrance pages.

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Thus, they are 
often not very retrievable.

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So, the target groups 
may have a hard time

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finding the text offers.

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Even though they are 
especially designed for them. 

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Furthermore, focusing on just
written formats

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excludes the possibility of
implementing E2U

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in other media realisations
that could address other groups.

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Some of the target groups

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cannot be addressed 
through the visual channel.

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For instance, 
people with visual impairments.

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Hearing Easy or 
Plain Language information

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could be their first choice.

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For all these reasons,

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in recent years,

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research and application
 in the field of E2U

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has started looking into
multimodal media realisations. 

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Audio-visual formats 

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are now being considered

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to implement 
easy-to-understand language.

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This is the primary purpose 
of the EASIT project.

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But there are already 
practical examples.

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For instance, the fairy tale project

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that the Research Centre 
for Easy Language

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realised with the North German 
Broadcasting Association.

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The fairy tales were translated into
Easy German and sign language. 

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The project produced videos

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with sign language interpreters

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that were interpreting 
on the basis of Easy German. 

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There are drawings 
on the content of the fairy tales,

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subtitles in Easy German,

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and an audio with 
a narration in Easy German.

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This example explores multiple
channels

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and implements Easy Language
on more than one layer and modality.

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Easy-to-understand language is also
practiced in interpreting scenarios.

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Interpretation into Easy Language 
is a practice

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that has been growing in
recent years,

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especially in Germany.

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Meanwhile, research has started 
to look into this practice.

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The language variety used in such
interpreting scenarios

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is mostly
rather Plain than Easy Language.

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Apparently, in spoken scenarios

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in their enriched face-to-face
situations,

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 Plain Language fits the
needs of the primary target groups.

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Easy or Plain Language interpreting
is just another example

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for the shifted focus:

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EL and PL are used 
in different media realisations.

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 The EASIT project proposes to apply
easy-to-understand language

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for accessibility services,

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such as
audio description and subtitling. 

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It also proposes to implement
E2U in audio-visual news. 

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In research,
there are first publications

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that systematically look
into the possibilities

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of implementing E2U in other formats

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of audio-visual translation and
accessible communication.

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This video lecture 
has been prepared by

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Sergio Hernández and Christiane Maaß
from the University of Hildesheim.

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You can reach us at
easit@uni-hildesheim.de.

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The project EASIT
has received funding

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from the European Commission

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under the Erasmus+
Strategic Partnership

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for Higher Education programme

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grant agreement
2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275.

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The European Commission support

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for the production 
of this publication

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does not constitute
an endorsement of the contents,

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which reflect
the views only of the authors,

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and the Commission
cannot be held responsible

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for any use which may be made of the
information contained therein.

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This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons

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Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International License.

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Partners of the EASIT project:

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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,

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Università degli Studi di Trieste,

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Universidade de Vigo,

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Stiftung Universität Hildesheim,

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SDI München,

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Dyslexiförbundet,

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Radiotelevisija Slovenija,

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Zavod Risa.

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EASIT: Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training.

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Subtitled by Michelle Becker.