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EASIT: Easy Access 
for Social Inclusion Training.

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This is unit 2,
Easy-to-understand language,

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in short E2U.

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Element 1: Understanding
Easy-to-understand language.

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Video lecture:
Easy-to-understand language,

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Easy-to-read and Plain language,
an overview.

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My name is Christiane Maaß
from the University of Hildesheim.

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In this short video lecture
I will give an overview

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about the topic
easy-to-understand language, 

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or short, E2U.

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We will talk about the origins
of E2U

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and then go into an introduction

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and into the two language varieties
for comprehensibility enhancement:

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Easy-to-read, short E2R
and Plain language, short PL.

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In recent years the discourse
about language varieties

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for comprehensibility enhancement

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has been growing worldwide.

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But the discussion about the use
of a comprehensible language

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in different fields is not new.

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Already in the 1920s,

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several approaches were developed to
increase the readability of texts.

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During this time,

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different readability tests
were developed,

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that are partly still in use today.

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In the 1960s, 

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several attempts to develop

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comprehensibility-enhanced 
language varieties

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have been made,

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especially in the political
and technical fields.

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In the Anglophonic world,

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two concepts have become
firmly established:

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Easy-to-read, short E2R.

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And Plain Language, short PL.

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In order to define E2R and PL,

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we can imagine
that all language varieties

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can be situated within a continuum

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of comprehensibility enhancement.

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E2R is on the one end
of the continuum.

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It represents the highest
comprehensibility enhancement

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possible in the spectrum.

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On the other end, 

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there is the language variety

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used in expert contexts.

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Plain language is right of E2R,

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still being a language variety

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optimized
 for comprehensibility enhancement,

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but not as much as E2R.

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E2R, Easy-to-read Language,

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is a term predominantly used

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in the fields of accessible
communication and inclusion.

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Comprehensibility-enhanced language
varieties, such as E2R,

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help vulnerable groups

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contribute to independent
social participation.

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E2R addresses primarily persons

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with reading difficulties

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caused by cognitive or sensory
impairment.

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E2R is the language variety

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with maximally enhanced
comprehensibility

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in the framework
of the standard language grammar.

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It is strictly normed.

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These norms strongly limit

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the grammatical structures
that can be used.

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This encompasses a certain
and recognizable linguistic feature 

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and typical visual layout.

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However, the term E2R is to narrow

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as it is linked to written language.

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It is therefore not suited
for audio-visual formats.

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We therefore use the term
Easy Language instead.

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The term Plain Language,
or PL, comes from its equivalent 

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in the English-speaking world:
“Plain English”. 

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PL, Plain Language, 

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is not as strictly normed as E2R. 

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It allows a broader grammatical
 and lexical inventory, 

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depending on the group of people
that is being adressed

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and the situation
in which it is used.

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This language variety is more
comprehensible than the standard.

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Its primary users are not persons 
with reading limitations

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caused by cognitive or sensorial
disabilities,

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but rather non-experts
in a given context.

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The EASIT project has decided to use
the umbrella term 

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“Easy-to understand-language”

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short E2U,

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to cover all language varieties for
comprehensibility enhancement. 

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Easy Language (EL), including E2R, 

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and Plain language (PL)

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are covered by this concept.

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The different national languages
have varying terms and delimitations

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in the area of Easy
and Plain Language. 

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So please check which terms are
in use for your language.

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More details about Easy Language, 
including E2R and PL,

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will be represented
in the following videos of Unit 2.

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This video lecture has been prepared

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by Sergio Hernandez
and Christiane Maaß,

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from the University of Hildesheim.

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You can reach us at
easit@uni-hildesheim.de.

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The project EASIT has received
funding from the European Comission

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under the Erasmus+
Strategic Partnerships 

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for Higher Education programme, 

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grant agreement
2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275.

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The European Comission support for
the production of this publication

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does not constitute an endorsement
of the contents,

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which reflect the views only
of the authors

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and the Comission cannot
be held responsible for any use

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which may be made of the information
contained therin.

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This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons

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Attributions ShareAlike 4.0
International License.

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Partners of the EASIT project:

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Universita Autònoma de Barcelona,

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Universita degli studi di Trieste,

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Universidade de Vigo,

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Stiftung Universität Hildesheim,

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SDI München,

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Dyslexiförbundet,

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Radiotelevizija slovenija,

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Zavod Risa.

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EASIT: Easy Access 
for Social Inclusion Training.

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Subtitles by: Nora Achilles.