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EASIT: Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training

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This is unit 1, Media accessibility;

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element 4,
What is media accessibility?;

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video lecture
"Media accessibility standards".

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I am Anna Matamala, from
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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In this short lecture I will be talking

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about some of the main
media accessibility standards.

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A standard is a document approved
by a recognised standardization body

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which is established by consensus.

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Standards define requirements
for products and services

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so that they are safe,
reliable and of good quality.

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Standards should not be confused

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with legislation or with
recommendations and guidelines.

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Standards are
pre-requisites for laws,

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but they are not laws.

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Standards need to be approved
by standardization bodies,

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so a series of guidelines
proposed by another organization

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are not standards.

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At international level,
standardization bodies include ISO

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(International Standardisation
Organisation),

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IEC (International Electrotechnical
Commission)

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and the UN agency ITU

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(International
Telecommunication Union).

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At European level,
the European Standards Organisations

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are CEN (European
Committee for Standardisation),

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CENELEC (European Committee
for Electrotechnical Standardisation)

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and ETSI

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(European Telecommunication
Standards Institute).

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At national level, each country
has its standardization agency,

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so please check
which one you have in your country.

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I would like here to refer
to a few relevant standards

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for media accessibility.

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I will start with EN301 549,

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which is a harmonised
European standard

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that establishes
accessibility requirements

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for ICT products and services.

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It was prepared pursuant

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to a Commission's
standardization request

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to provide one voluntary means

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of conforming
to the essential requirements

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of the Web Accessibility Directive.

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It was produced by ETSI
technical committee Human Factors

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and the e-accessibility
joint coworking group

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of CEN-CENELEC-ETSI.

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In its 2019 updated version
adopts W3C WCAG 2.1. guidelines

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for web content, electronic document
and non-web software

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such as mobile applications.

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The document considers
that ability impairments

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may be permanent,
temporary or situational,

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and any person,
regardless of physical,

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cognitive or sensory abilities,

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needs to be able to locate,
identify and operate ICT functions

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and to access
the information provided.

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This is why it considers
that usage should be possible

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in the following conditions:

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without vision,

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with limited vision,

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without perception of colour,

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without hearing,

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with limited hearing,

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without vocal capability,

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with limited
manipulation or strength,

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with limited reach,

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with limited cognition

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and minimising photosensitive
seizure triggers,

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maintaining the user's privacy
at all times.

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The document sets
a list of specific requirements

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that I invite you to read.

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It is worth highlighting
that the document

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refers to captioning (or subtitling)
and audio description

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as necessary alternatives
to time-based media.

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Time-based media refers
to film, video, audios or digital works

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that unfold over a period of time.

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Another relevant standard
is EN 17161

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"Design for All. Accessibility
following a Design for All approach

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in products, goods and services
– Extending the range of users".

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It was developed by the CEN-CENELEC
joint technical committee 12

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in response to the European
Commission standardisation request

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through Mandate/473.

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This standard includes requirements

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that can allow
an organisation to design,

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develop and provide
products, goods and services

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that can be accessed,

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understood and used
by the widest range of users

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including persons with disabilities.

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ISO has also developed
a series of standards on accessibility

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as part
of ISO/IEC JTC1/Subcomittee 35:

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ISO/IEC TS 200071-21
Information technology –

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User interface
component accessibility

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– Part 21:

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Guidance on audio description.

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It is a 24-page long technical
specification that describes

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how the different types of
audio description should be created.

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It deals with aspects
such as the styles of narration,

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the levels of importance

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and how to describe
relevant sounds and text on screen.

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Guidance is offered on how
to describe specific elements

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(objects, characters,
spatio-temporal settings, etc.).

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ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017
Information technology –

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User interface
component accessibility.

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Part 25: Guidance on the
audio presentation of text in videos,

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including captions,
subtitles and other on-screen text.

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This is a 12-page technical
specification published in 2017

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that provides guidance on how
on-screen text (including subtitles)

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can be transmitted auditorily.

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Put briefly, it is a standard
for audio subtitles and audio text.

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ISO/IEC DIS 200071-23
Information technology –

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User interface component
accessibility –

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Part 23: Guidance on the visual
presentation of audio information

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(including captions and subtitles).

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This is
an international standard on subtitles,

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but does not deal
with the translation process.

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It addresses
the visual design of subtitles

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and how speech
and non-speech information

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(for instance, sound effects,
paralinguistic elements,

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music, emotions, silence, etc.)

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is transferred into the subtitles.

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It also provides advice
on how to identify speakers

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and how to evaluate
the quality of the subtitles.

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It is very important to highlight
that ISO has joined forces

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with the ITU group
specializing in media accessibility,

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which is named

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Intersector Rapporteur Group
on Audiovisual Media,

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IRG-AVA for short.

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I would also like to draw
your attention to a report

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authored by ITU and the Global
Initiative for Inclusive ICTs

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published in 2011
on "Making Television Accessible".

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Although things
have evolved since then,

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it offers a wide overview
of how audiovisual content

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can be made more accessible.

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To conclude, I would like to mention

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that standards
on easy and plain language

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are being currently developed,

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sometimes relating them
to audiovisual media,

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but this will be
the topic of another video.

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For now, I would suggest
that you do some research

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and try to find
if there are any standards

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related to media accessibility

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that have been developed

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by your national
standardization agency.

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This video lecture has been
prepared by Anna Matamala,

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from Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona.

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You can reach me
at anna.matamala@uab.cat.

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Pictures.

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Source: pixabay.com, pexels.com.

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License:
Pixabay License, Pexels License.

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The project EASIT
has received funding

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from the European Commission

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under the Erasmus+
Strategic Partnerships

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for Higher Education programme,

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grant agreement
2018-1-ES01-KA203-05275.

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The European Commission support
for the production of this publication

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does not constitute
an endorsement of the contents,

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which reflect
the views only of the authors,

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and the Commission
cannot be held responsible

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for any use which may be made
of the information contained therein.

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This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons

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Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International License.

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Partners of the EASIT project:

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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,

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Università degli Studi di Trieste,

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Universidade de Vigo,

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Stiftung Universität Hildesheim,

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SDI München,

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Dyslexiförbundet,

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Radiotelevisija Slovenija,

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Zavod Risa.

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EASIT: Easy Access
for Social Inclusion Training