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This is an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO is a project funded
by the European Union.

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This video is made available
to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.

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Hello. I’m Agnieszka Chmiel
from Adam Mickiewicz University

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in Poznan, Poland.

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In this ADLAB PRO video
I will present basic information

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related to audio description
for the screen

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and focus on films and genres.

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This is Unit 1
"Screen AD: films and genres"

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in Module 2 "Screen AD".

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Screen audio description includes
audio description of films and shows

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that are watched on TV, DVD,
in cinemas,

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on VOD platforms
and on various devices

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such as TV screens,
tablets, phones.

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A survey conducted
in the ADLAB project

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shows that television is
the most popular option for AD,

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possibly because TV offers
both entertainment,

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news and sports and because
many people with sight loss

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prefer to stay in the comfort
of their homes to be entertained.

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Screen AD is always prepared
in advance and usually recorded

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although AD may also
be delivered live in a cinema.

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Sometimes,
the author of the AD script

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may also be responsible
for voicing it.

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However, it also happens that
a professional voice talent is used.

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As in any other type of AD,

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screen AD must fit
between dialogues

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and make sure
special effects are audible.

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However, not all pauses
between dialogues should be filled.

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Otherwise, all the information
will be difficult to process

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and people with sight loss
will not have a chance

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to actually enjoy the film.

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Some programmes are too fast

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and their AD cannot be really
helpful to people with sight loss.

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These include quiz programmes,
game shows

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and news programmes.
Their scripts are almost continuous

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and offer little opportunity
for audio description.

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Films tell a story and AD
assists people with sight loss

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to reconstruct the story based
on the auditory information only.

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The story is reconstructed
on the basis of actions

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that are linked to other elements:

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the characters that cause
and undergo them,

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the spatio-temporal settings
in which they take place

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and the temporal relations
between them.

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These are the main building blocks
of a film narrative

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that must be considered
when creating audio description.

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Genre is a way of classifying films,

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of identifying them according to
specific repetitive formal,

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aesthetic or narrative features.

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There are many different genres
in cinema:

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comedy, melodrama, action,
thriller, western, etc.

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The label of a particular genre
can help the audience formulate

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their general expectations
of a film: in a musical,

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part of the dialogues will be
expressed and/or replaced by songs.

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In a horror movie,
there will be threatening music

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and startling scary moments.

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Many films mix elements
belonging to different genres,

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thereby creating
hybrid categories,

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such as romantic comedies
or science fiction horrors.

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AD script should match
the film genre.

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A lot of terminology may be used
and explained in a documentary.

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AD for action films will include
short, dynamic sentences.

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In a comedy,
the description must be timed

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with a non-verbal comic sequence
so that people with sight loss

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can laugh together
with the sighted audience.

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If you want to find out more,
I recommend reading

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the ADLAB guidelines
“Pictures painted in words”

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and ITC Guidance on Standards
for Audio Description.

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I hope you have learned some
interesting things about screen AD,

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films and genres from this video.
Bye!

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The preparation
of this presentation

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was supported by ADLAB PRO.
Audio Description:

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A Laboratory for the Development
of a New Professional Profile

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financed by the European Union
under the Erasmus+ Programme,

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Key Action 2,
Strategic Partnerships.

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Project number:

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2016-1-IT02-KA203-024311.

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The information and views
set out in this presentation

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are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect

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the official opinion
of the European Union.

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Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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nor any person acting
on their behalf

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may be held responsible
for the use

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which may be made of
the information contained therein.

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This was an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO partners are:
University of Trieste,

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Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona,

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University of Antwerp,
Adam Mickiewicz University,

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RTV Slovenia,
Utopian Voices,

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Soundfocus and Royal National
Institute of Blind People.

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ADLAB PRO was funded
by the European Union.

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This video was made available
to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.