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This is an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO is a project funded
by the European Union.

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This video is made available
to you

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on a creative commons licence.

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-Hello. I’m Iwona Mazur
from Adam Mickiewicz University

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in Poznan, Poland.
In this ADLAB PRO video

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I will talk about culture in AD.

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This is Unit 6
"Screen AD: Culture"

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in Module 2 "Screen AD".

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In films culture is usually present
in the form of cultural references,

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also called culture-specific items
or culturemes,

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and in the form
of intertextual references.

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Cultural references
can be divided into:

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geographical, for example,
the Eiffel Tower,

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ethnographic,
such as tapas,

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and socio-political,
for instance, the Reichstag.

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If reference is made
to another work of art,

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such as a film,
a book or a painting,

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we talk about intertextuality.

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For example, in the film
"Inglourious Basterds",

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Colonel Landa smokes
a calabash,

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which is a reference
to Sherlock Holmes.

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So in AD,

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this references could be either
made explicit, for example:

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“Landa smokes
a Sherlock Holmes-style calabash”.

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Or it could be implied:

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“Landa smokes a big,
saxophone-shaped pipe”.

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In this case,
persons with sight loss would have

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the intellectual pleasure of
working out the allusion themselves.

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However, the reference could be lost
on some people.

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Before describing,

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first decide through which channel
the reference is made.

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If it is aural,

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for example something alluded to
in the dialogues,

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you may assume that the information
will be available

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to persons with sight loss.

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If, however, the reference is
in the visual layer of the film,

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and especially if it is relevant
for plot development,

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you should render it
in your description.

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Let’s say, in a film you have a shot
of Buckingham Palace.

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First , you can just name
the building: “Buckingham Palace”.

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You can also have the name
and a gloss:

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the official London residence
of the Queen,

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Buckingham Palace.

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You can provide a general
description “A grand building”.

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Or you can just describe
the building

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or both describe and name it.

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Your choice of strategy will depend
on how much time you have,

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how important a given reference is
in the film,

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and also on the assumed knowledge
of your audience.

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This may be related to
where your viewers come from

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and the distance between them
and the culture in question.

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If you are describing the palace
with the British viewer in mind,

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then most likely just naming
the building will be enough.

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If, however,
the description is meant

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for a viewer
from a different culture,

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then a more elaborate description
may be required.

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When describing culture

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also think how transcultural
a given element is.

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In the age of globalization,
more and more cultural items,

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especially
from the Anglo-Saxon world,

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become recognizable
in other cultures as well.

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If you want to find out more,
I recommend reading

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the chapter on Intertextuality
in the ADLAB guidelines

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and the article by Agnieszka
Szarkowska and Anna Jankowska.

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I hope you have learned
some interesting things

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about culture in AD
from this video.

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-The preparation
of this presentation

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was supported by ADLAB PRO.
Audio Description:

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A Laboratory for the Development
of a New Professional Profile

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financed by the European Union
under the Erasmus+ Programme,

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Key Action 2,
Strategic Partnerships.

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Project number:

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2016-1-IT02-KA203-024311.

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The information and views
set out in this presentation

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are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect

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the official opinion
of the European Union.

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Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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nor any person acting
on their behalf

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may be held responsible
for the use

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which may be made of
the information contained therein.

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This was an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO partners are:
University of Trieste,

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Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona,

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University of Antwerp,
Adam Mickiewicz University,

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RTV Slovenia,
Utopian Voices,

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Soundfocus and Royal National
Institute of Blind People.

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ADLAB PRO was founded
by the European Union.

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This video was made available
to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.