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This is an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO is a project funded
by the European Union.

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This video is made available
to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.

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Hello. I’m Iwona Mazur
from Adam Mickiewicz University

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in Poznan, Poland.
In this ADLAB PRO video

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I will talk about film language.

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This is Unit 8
"Screen AD: film language"

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in Module 2 "Screen AD".

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Film language comprises
different filmic techniques

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that are used to tell the story
in a film.

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They can be grouped
into three broad categories:

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mise-en-scène,
cinematography and editing.

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Mise-en-scène refers to
what is being filmed in a shot

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and includes, for example:
the setting,

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costumes and makeup
as well as staging,

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that is the actual performance
of the actors.

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These elements are
normally prioritised in AD,

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as you will surely describe
the setting,

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the characters and their actions.

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Cinematography deals
with how individual shots are filmed

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and comprises such aspects as
the shots’ photographic qualities,

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framing and duration.

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Photographic qualities include
colour, speed of motion,

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lighting or camera angles.

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For example, a scene can be shot
in black and white

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to indicate a flashback.

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In AD, you can convey this

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either using a filmic term,
for instance

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“Now in black and white”

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and let the audience infer
what it means in the film narrative.

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Or you can explicate the meaning
of the technique:

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“A flashback”.

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Framing, on the other hand,

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determines what is presented
within a film frame.

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It is linked to various types of shots,

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which can range from long shots
to close-ups.

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We will return to describing
shot types in a moment.

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The last aspect of cinematography is
shot duration.

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A long take can be used
to allow the audience

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to appreciate a certain landscape,
for example.

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In such a case,

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the AD could be more detailed
and read out at a slower pace.

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Finally, editing

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refers to how shots are arranged.

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In AD, fast cuts,
for example,

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could be reflected using
short and simple sentences.

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Before you start describing a film

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determine what filmic techniques
have been used

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and what functions they serve.

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A close-up of a woman’s eyes
could be use to highlight her fear.

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In your AD you can name
the technique,

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“Eyes in close-up”,

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name it
and describe its function

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“A close-up reflects fear
in her eyes”

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or only describe the function
or meaning of the close-up

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“Fear is reflected in her eyes”.

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You can also reflect
filmic techniques

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using the corresponding
language structures.

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For example,
instead of just saying

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“A man is drinking water”

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you can say
“A hand holding a glass of water”.

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This will suggest
to the blind viewer

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that what is shown
is a close-up of the hand

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rather than the whole figure
of the man.

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Remember that although conveying
what is happening on the screen

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in you AD is a priority,

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it may also be useful to reflect
how the story has been depicted.

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This will help persons
with sight loss

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actually ‘see’ the film
in their minds’ eyes.

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To prepare this video I used
the chapter on film language

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in the ADLAB guidelines. Read it,
if you want to find out more.

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I also recommend reading Perego’s
article on film language and tools.

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I hope you have learned
some interesting things

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about reflecting film language in AD
from this video.

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The preparation
of this presentation

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was supported by ADLAB PRO.
Audio Description:

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A Laboratory for the Development
of a New Professional Profile

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financed by the European Union
under the Erasmus+ Programme,

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Key Action 2,
Strategic Partnerships.

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Project number:

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2016-1-IT02-KA203-024311.

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The information and views
set out in this presentation

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are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect

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the official opinion
of the European Union.

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Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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nor any person acting
on their behalf

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may be held responsible
for the use

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which may be made of
the information contained therein.

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This was an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO partners are:
University of Trieste,

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Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona,

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University of Antwerp,
Adam Mickiewicz University,

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RTV Slovenia,
Utopian Voices,

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Soundfocus and Royal National
Institute of Blind People.

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ADLAB PRO was funded
by the European Union.

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This video was made available
to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.