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This is an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO is a project funded
by the European Union.

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This video is made available to you
on a Creative Commons licence.

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Hi, I'm Anna Jankowska from UAB.
In this ADLABPRO video

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I will talk about crowdsourcing
and collaboration in AD.

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This is Unit 5 in Module 6.

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It is believed that the term
crowdsourcing was created in 2006

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by Jeff Howe,
who created this neologism

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by joining the words
"crowd" and "outsourcing".

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He defined crowdsourcing
as the act of taking a job

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traditionally performed
by a designated agent,

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usually an employee,
and outsourcing it to an undefined,

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generally large group of people
in the form of an open call.

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But what is crowdsourcing
in translation?

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What are its characteristic
features? Let's find out.

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There are some definitions of what
crowdsourcing in translation is.

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In this presentation we will use
the taxonomy proposed

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by Jiménez-Crespo in his book

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"Crowdsourcing and Online
Collaborative Translations.

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Expanding the limits
of Translation Studies."

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He distinguishes two types
of crowdsourcing:

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translation crowdsourcing and
online collaborative translation.

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Jiménez-Crespo defines
online collaborative translation

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as collaborative translation
processes in the web

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initiated by self-organized on-line
communities in which participants

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collaborate with motivations
other than monetary.

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He defines translation crowdsourcing

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as "collaborative
translation processes

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performed through dedicated
web platforms that are initiated

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by companies or organizations
and in which participants

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collaborate with motivations
other than those strictly monetary".

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Both of these definitions
can be applied

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to what is happening in AD now.

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Before we move on,
you should know

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that when it comes
to crowdsourcing in AD

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up to now very little
has been happening

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both in practice
and in the academia.

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But let me show you
the few things that are happening.

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Let us start
with online collaborative tools.

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There are the already available
YouDescribe and Scribit,

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that is going to be launched
in 2018.

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YouDescribe was developed
by the Smith-Kettlewell

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Video Description Research
and Development Center.

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It is a free tool that allows
anyone to write and record ADs

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for YouTube videos.
All you need is a computer,

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internet connection, web browser,
Google account and microphone.

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With them you can create
and record AD

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and then publish
the accessible video you produced.

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Scribit is a project developed
by Bartimeus,

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a Netherlands-based NGO.

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It will launch in 2018
and it is an online editor

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enabling people to create
their own ADs

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and add them to online videos.

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The ADs will be voiced
by synthetic speech.

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Crowdsourcing was used
to provide AD by a Polish NGO,

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the Seventh Sense Foundation,
in 2017 and 2018.

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In 2017, a team of 11 describers

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crowdwrote AD.

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Each team member wrote
a piece of the AD script

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which was later put together.
In 2018,

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a team of 5 describers worked
on crowdtranslating

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an AD script
from English to Polish.

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Again, each team member
worked on their piece of text.

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When asked about their opinions,
the describers said

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that crowdtranslation
was less time-consuming

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and more effective
than crowdwriting.

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But at the same time they all felt
that both of these workflows

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could be implemented
in professional practice.

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You can read more about
this experiment in my presentation

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"Translation,
crowdsourcing, collaboration

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and quality
in audio description".

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Those new workflows are already
being implemented by the industry.

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Some companies assign more
than one describer to create AD

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to a series or film
if the description is needed quickly

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or more than one translator
to translate AD scripts.

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I hope that you've learned a little

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about crowdsourcing
and collaboration in AD.

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But as you see, there is still
a lot to be done in this area.

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The preparation
of this presentation

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was supported by ADLAB PRO.
Audio Description:

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A Laboratory for the Development
of a New Professional Profile

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financed by the European Union
under the Erasmus+ Programme,

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Key Action 2,
Strategic Partnerships.

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Project number:

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2016-1-IT02-KA203-024311.

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The information and views
set out in this presentation

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are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect

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the official opinion
of the European Union.

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Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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nor any persona acting
on their behalf

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may be held responsible
for the use

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which may be made of
the information contained therein.

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This was an ADLAB PRO video.

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ADLAB PRO partners are:
University of Trieste,

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Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona,

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University of Antwerp,
Adam Mickiewicz University,

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RTV Slovenia,
Utopian Voices,

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Soundfocus and Royal National
Institute of Blind People.

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ADLAB PRO was funded
by the European Union.

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This video
was made available to you

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on a Creative Commons licence.