Tuberculosis Epidemiology in Islands : Insularity, Hosts and Trade
Acevedo, Pelayo (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal)
Romero, Beatriz (Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria)
Vicente, Joaquin (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)
Caracappa, Santo (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia)
Galluzzo, Paola (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia)
Marineo, Sandra (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia)
Vicari, Domenico (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia)
Torina, Alessandra (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia)
Casal, Carmen (Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria)
de la Fuente, José (Oklahoma State University. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology)
Gortazar, Christian (Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria)

Data:	2013
Resum:	Because of their relative simplicity and the barriers to gene flow, islands are ideal systems to study the distribution of biodiversity. However, the knowledge that can be extracted from this peculiar ecosystem regarding epidemiology of economically relevant diseases has not been widely addressed. We used information available in the scientific literature for 10 old world islands or archipelagos and original data on Sicily to gain new insights into the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). We explored three nonexclusive working hypotheses on the processes modulating bovine tuberculosis (bTB) herd prevalence in cattle and MTC strain diversity: insularity, hosts and trade. Results suggest that bTB herd prevalence was positively correlated with island size, the presence of wild hosts, and the number of imported cattle, but neither with isolation nor with cattle density. MTC strain diversity was positively related with cattle bTB prevalence, presence of wild hosts and the number of imported cattle, but not with island size, isolation, and cattle density. The three most common spoligotype patterns coincided between Sicily and mainland Italy. However in Sicily, these common patterns showed a clearer dominance than on the Italian mainland, and seven of 19 patterns (37%) found in Sicily had not been reported from continental Italy. Strain patterns were not spatially clustered in Sicily. We were able to infer several aspects of MTC epidemiology and control in islands and thus in fragmented host and pathogen populations. Our results point out the relevance of the intensity of the cattle commercial networks in the epidemiology of MTC, and suggest that eradication will prove more difficult with increasing size of the island and its environmental complexity, mainly in terms of the diversity of suitable domestic and wild MTC hosts.
Ajuts:	European Commission 278976
Nota:	Altres ajuts: This is a contribution to the EU FP7 grant number 278976 ANTIGONE and the research project FAU2008-00004-C03. PA was supported by a Beatriu de Pinós fellowship funded by "Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa" of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the COFUND Programme-Marie Curie Actions under 7th Framework Programme of the European Community.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Islands ; Livestock ; Cattle ; Veterinary Epidemiology ; Micobacterium bovis ; Italian people ; Swine
Publicat a:	PloS one, Vol. 8 (july 2013) , ISSN 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071074
PMID: 23923053

9 p, 399.3 KB

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