Early adaptations of true flies (Diptera) to moist and aquatic continental environments
Peñalver Mollá, Enrique (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España)
Matamales Andreu, Rafel (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Nel, André (Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité)
Pérez-de la Fuente, Ricardo (Oxford University. Museum of Natural History)

Data:	2022
Resum:	Insect colonization of continental aquatic ecosystems and their immediate surroundings was paramount for the establishment of complex trophic nets and organic-matter recycling in those environments. True flies and other insects such as mayflies developed crucial ecological roles in early continental aquatic ecosystems, as early as the Triassic. However, the mode and tempo of these processes remain poorly known, partly due to a critical fossil record gap before the Middle Triassic. Here we study the dipterans from the early Middle Triassic Konservat-Lagerstätte of Pedra Alta (Aegean, early Anisian, Spain), which yields the oldest records of the order. Protoanisolarva juarezi gen. et sp. nov. , based on an exceptionally preserved larva, shares key features with the extant nematoceran family Anisopodidae. Developing in inferred moist terrestrial environments contiguous with pools inhabited by aquatic organisms, it represents the only known Triassic dipteran larva with terrestrial affinities indicating that the amphipneustic respiratory system of insect larvae extends back to c. 247 Ma. Two nematoceran aquatic pupae are also described: one classified as Voltziapupa cf. cornuta, and the other as an indeterminate taxon. Finally, an egg cluster belonging to the ootaxon Clavapartus latus is likely to have been produced by chironomids. These eggs were included in a mucilaginous matrix, a probable adaptation against predation and/or changing conditions, including desiccation. These new findings provide key data on the early evolutionary history of the mega-diverse order Diptera, the ecology of their ancestral pre-adult forms, and the functioning of early Middle Triassic continental aquatic ecosystems.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación FPU17/01922
Nota:	Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Insect evolution ; Palaeoecology ; Taphonomy ; Egg-laying ; Diptera ; Mesozoic
Publicat a:	Papers in Palaeontology, Vol. 8, Issue 6 (November/December 2022) , art. e1472, ISSN 2056-2802

DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1472

17 p, 3.8 MB

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