Climate policy and inequality in urban areas : Beyond incomes
Liotta, Charlotte (Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement)
Avner, Paolo (The World Bank (USA))
Viguié, Vincent (Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement)
Selod, Harris (The World Bank (USA))
Hallegatte, Stephane (The World Bank (USA))

Data:	2024
Resum:	Opposition to climate policies is partly due to their impacts on inequality. But with most economic studies focused on income inequalities, the quantitative spatial effect of economic climate policy instruments is poorly understood. Here, using a model derived from the standard urban model of urban economics, we simulate a fuel tax in Cape Town, South Africa, decomposing its impacts by income class, housing type, and location, and over different timeframes, assuming that agents gradually adapt. We find that in the short term, there are both income and spatial inequalities, with low-income households or suburban dwellers more negatively impacted. These inequalities persist in the medium and long terms, as the poorest households, living in informal or subsidized housing, have few or no ways to adapt to fuel price increases by changing housing type, size or location, or transportation mode. Low-income households living in formal housing are also impacted by the tax over the long term due to complex effects driven by competition with richer households in the housing market. Complementary policies promoting a flexible labor market, affordable public transportation, or subsidies that help low-income households live closer to employment centers will be key to the social acceptability of climate policies.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Emission mitigation ; Fuel taxation ; Housing markets ; Land use - Transport integrated models ; Redistributive impacts ; Urban economics ; SDG 1 - No Poverty ; SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth ; SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities ; SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ; SDG 13 - Climate Action ; SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals ; SDG 15 - Life on Land
Publicat a:	Urban climate, Vol. 53 (January 2024) , art. 101722, ISSN 2212-0955

DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101722

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