Antimicrobial Use and Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Livestock Sector in the Western Balkans
Kovacs, Dora (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia)
Raizman, Eran (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia)
Deckert, Anne (University of Guelph)
Ciria Artiga, Natalia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Bošković, Marijana (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Bučan, Ervin (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Filipović, Jelena Vračar (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Agolli, Olta (Institute for Development Research and Alternatives)
Grbić, Dragana (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Hrapović, Mevlida (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Ivanović, Ivan (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Jusufi, Nora (Institute for Development Research and Alternatives)
Lješković, Saša (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Milovanović, Ljiljana (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Nagy, Tamas (Gyermelyi Holding Zrt.)
Palibrk, Miloš (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Rogošić, Milan (Administration of Food Safety. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs of Montenegro)
Sargsyan, Anna (Strategic Development Agency)
Tabakovski, Blagojcho (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia)
Beltrán-Alcrudo, Daniel (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia)

Data:	2025
Resum:	Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human, animal, and environmental health. To tackle AMR in the livestock sector, there is a need to understand the antimicrobial use (AMU) practices of different stakeholders in order to target the common knowledge gaps and inappropriate practices with tailored interventions. In the Western Balkans, published evidence shows the presence of AMR in both humans and animals. Since studies on AMU have mainly been conducted in humans, there is a significant knowledge gap about AMU in the livestock sector. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of farmers, veterinarians, veterinary pharmacy personnel, and feed mill personnel related to AMU (focusing on antibiotics) and AMR in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo (References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)), Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Methods: Field interviews were conducted in 2022 with 2815 participants in selected regions of the countries. Results: The findings showed that farmers engaged in imprudent practices, including purchasing antimicrobials without a prescription, administering antimicrobials for growth promotion, and disposing of expired antimicrobials in the garbage. Farmers' main knowledge gaps were related to the duration of antimicrobial treatment and the differentiation between AMR and antimicrobial residues. This study also revealed poor record-keeping on animal treatments and a lack of some biosecurity measures. In terms of the attitudes and practices of veterinarians and veterinary pharmacy personnel, the belief that antimicrobial drugs are important for growth promotion, and the common use and sales of highest priority critically important antimicrobials should be targets for future interventions. Conclusions: Despite significant ongoing efforts to tackle AMR, there is still a need for training, awareness-raising, and policy interventions to address the knowledge gaps identified by this study and optimize AMU in the livestock sector in the Western Balkans.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Antimicrobial resistance ; AMR ; Antimicrobial use ; AMU ; Western Balkans ; Knowledge ; Attitudes and practices ; KAP ; Livestock ; Farmers ; Veterinarians
Publicat a:	Antibiotics, Vol. 14 Núm. 8 (august 2025) , p. 839, ISSN 2079-6382

DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14080839
PMID: 40868033

19 p, 399.8 KB

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