Risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection : a case-control test-negative design study
Otero-Romero, Susana (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Borras Bermejo, Blanca (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Antón Pagarolas, Andrés, 1976- 1976- (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Andrés, Cristina (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Tejada-Panduro, Gabriela (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Pinós-Tella, Laia (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Carbones, Ingrid (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))
Parés-Badell, Oleguer (Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR))

Data:	2025
Resum:	We aimed to identify risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. This is a case-control test-negative design study in hospitalized patients with a severe acute respiratory infection, at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine and a PCR-test for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 performed between 1 November 2021 and 28 June 2022. Cases and controls were matched by age and date of test. A logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratios was performed to determine factors related to breakthrough infection. We analyzed 1,340 breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections matched with 4,016 controls. After adjustment, the odds of a breakthrough infection were 64% higher in patients whose last vaccine dose was administered more than 6 months before hospitalization compared to those vaccinated within the previous 6 months (aOR 1. 64; CI 95% 1. 42-1. 88). Moreover, immunosuppression was statistically associated with breakthrough infection (aOR 2. 04; CI 95%, 1. 58-2. 62). The probability of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher in hospitalized patients who had received their last vaccine dose more than six months before hospitalization; while immunosuppression was the most important risk factor for breakthrough infection. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10. 1186/s12879-025-11773-x.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Risk factors ; COVID-19 ; Breakthrough infection ; Vaccines
Publicat a:	BMC Infectious diseases, Vol. 25 (October 2025) , art. 1346, ISSN 1471-2334

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-11773-x
PMID: 41107762

9 p, 1.1 MB

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