Grating-Graphene Metamaterial as a Platform for Terahertz Nonlinear Photonics
Deinert, Jan-Christoph (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Alcaraz Iranzo, David (Institut de Ciències Fotòniques)
Pérez Rodríguez, Raúl (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia)
Jia, Xiaoyu (Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung)
Hafez, Hassan A. (Universität Bielefeld)
Ilyakov, Igor (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Awari, Nilesh (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Chen, Min (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Bawatna, Mohammed (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Ponomaryov, Alexey N. (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Germanskiy, Semyon (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Bonn, Mischa (Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung)
Koppens, Frank (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats)
Turchinovich, Dmitry (Universität Bielefeld)
Gensch, Michael (Technische Universität Berlin)
Kovalev, Sergey (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)
Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia)

Date:	2021
Abstract:	Nonlinear optics is an increasingly important field for scientific and technological applications, owing to its relevance and potential for optical and optoelectronic technologies. Currently, there is an active search for suitable nonlinear material systems with efficient conversion and a small material footprint. Ideally, the material system should allow for chip integration and room-temperature operation. Two-dimensional materials are highly interesting in this regard. Particularly promising is graphene, which has demonstrated an exceptionally large nonlinearity in the terahertz regime. Yet, the light-matter interaction length in two-dimensional materials is inherently minimal, thus limiting the overall nonlinear optical conversion efficiency. Here, we overcome this challenge using a metamaterial platform that combines graphene with a photonic grating structure providing field enhancement. We measure terahertz third-harmonic generation in this metamaterial and obtain an effective third-order nonlinear susceptibility with a magnitude as large as 3 × 10 -8 m 2 /V 2, or 21 esu, for a fundamental frequency of 0. 7 THz. This nonlinearity is 50 times larger than what we obtain for graphene without grating. Such an enhancement corresponds to a third-harmonic signal with an intensity that is 3 orders of magnitude larger due to the grating. Moreover, we demonstrate a field conversion efficiency for the third harmonic of up to ∼1% using a moderate field strength of ∼30 kV/cm. Finally, we show that harmonics beyond the third are enhanced even more strongly, allowing us to observe signatures of up to the ninth harmonic. Grating-graphene metamaterials thus constitute an outstanding platform for commercially viable, CMOS-compatible, room-temperature, chip-integrated, THz nonlinear conversion applications.
Grants:	European Commission 804349 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SEV-2017-0706 European Commission 737038
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Terahertz ; Harmonics ; Graphene ; Nonlinear ; Field enhancement ; Metamaterial
Published in:	ACS nano, Vol. 15, Issue 26 (January 2021) , p. 1145-1154, ISSN 1936-086X

DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08106
PMID: 33306364

10 p, 3.9 MB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Experimental sciences > Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles