The interactions between nanoparticles and the innate immune system from a nanotechnologist perspective
Ernst, Lena M. (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Institut de Recerca)
Casals, Eudald (Wuyi University. School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences)
Italiani, Paola (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Nàpols, Itàlia))
Boraschi, Diana (Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn)
Puntes, Víctor (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia)

Fecha:	2021
Resumen:	The immune system contributes to maintaining the body's functional integrity through its two main functions: recognizing and destroying foreign external agents (invading microorganisms) and identifying and eliminating senescent cells and damaged or abnormal endogenous entities (such as cellular debris or misfolded/degraded proteins). Accordingly, the immune system can detect molecular and cellular structures with a spatial resolution of a few nm, which allows for detecting molecular patterns expressed in a great variety of pathogens, including viral and bacterial proteins and bacterial nucleic acid sequences. Such patterns are also expressed in abnormal cells. In this context, it is expected that nanostructured materials in the size range of proteins, protein aggregates, and viruses with different molecular coatings can engage in a sophisticated interaction with the immune system. Nanoparticles can be recognized or passed undetected by the immune system. Once detected, they can be tolerated or induce defensive (inflammatory) or anti-inflammatory responses. This paper describes the different modes of interaction between nanoparticles, especially inorganic nanoparticles, and the immune system, especially the innate immune system. This perspective should help to propose a set of selection rules for nanosafety-by-design and medical nanoparticle design.
Ayudas:	European Commission 812661 European Commission 671881 Agencia Estatal de Investigación RTI2018-099965-B-I00 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/SGR-1431
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	Nanoparticles ; Immune system ; Innate immunity ; Inflammation ; Tolerance
Publicado en:	Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, issue 11 (Nov. 2021) , art. 2991, ISSN 2079-4991

DOI: 10.3390/nano11112991
PMID: 34835755

20 p, 1.2 MB

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