Why Do Cryptic Species Tend Not to Co-Occur? A Case Study on Two Cryptic Pairs of Butterflies
Voda, Raluca (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia)
Dapporto, Leonardo (Oxford Brookes University. Department of Biological and Medical Sciences)
Dinca, Vlad Eugen (University of Guelph. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario)
Vila Ujaldón, Roger (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))

Fecha:	2015
Resumen:	As cryptic diversity is being discovered, mostly thanks to advances in molecular techniques, it is becoming evident that many of these taxa display parapatric distributions in mainland and that they rarely coexist on islands. Genetic landscapes, haplotype networks and ecological niche modeling analyses were performed for two pairs of non-sister cryptic butterfly species, Aricia agestis -A. cramera and Polyommatus icarus - P. celina (Lycaenidae), to specifically assess non-coexistence on western Mediterranean islands, and to test potential causes producing such chequered distribution patterns. We show that the morphologically and ecologically equivalent pairs of species do not coexist on any of the studied islands, although nearly all islands are colonized by one of them. According to our models, the cryptic pairs displayed marked climatic preferences and 'precipitation during the driest quarter' was recovered as the most important climatic determinant. However, neither dispersal capacity, nor climatic or ecological factors fully explain the observed distributions across particular sea straits, and the existence of species interactions resulting in mutual exclusion is suggested as a necessary hypothesis. Given that the studied species are habitat generalists, feeding on virtually unlimited resources, we propose that reproductive interference, together with climatic preferences, sustain density-dependent mechanisms like "founder takes all" and impede coexistence on islands. Chequered distributions among cryptic taxa, both sister and non-sister, are common in butterflies, suggesting that the phenomenon revealed here could be important in determining biodiversity patterns.
Ayudas:	Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2010-21226 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2013-48277-P Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte AP-2010-5409 European Commission 625997
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicado en:	PloS one, Vol. 10, Issue 2 (February 2015) , art. e0117802, ISSN 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117802
PMID: 25692577

18 p, 4.7 MB

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