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| Home > Articles > Published articles > Modulation of Higher-Order Olfaction Components on Executive Functions in Humans |
(Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Ciències Clíniques) (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques) (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia) (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela) (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela) (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de Ciències de la Salut) (University of Valencia. Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment) (University Jaume I. Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology) (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona) (University of Navarra. Metabolic Research Laboratory) (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (Màlaga, Andalusia)) (Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Ciències Clíniques)
| Date: | 2015 |
| Abstract: | The prefrontal (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) appear to be associated with both executive functions and olfaction. However, there is little data relating olfactory processing and executive functions in humans. The present study aimed at exploring the role of olfaction on executive functioning, making a distinction between primary and more cognitive aspects of olfaction. Three executive tasks of similar difficulty were used. One was used to assess hot executive functions (Iowa Gambling Task-IGT), and two as a measure of cold executive functioning (Stroop Colour and Word Test-SCWT and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-WCST). Sixty two healthy participants were included: 31 with normosmia and 31 with hyposmia. Olfactory abilities were assessed using the ''Sniffin' Sticks'' test and the olfactory threshold, odour discrimination and odour identification measures were obtained. All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60. Results showed that participants with hyposmia displayed worse performance in decision making (IGT; Cohen's- d = 0. 91) and cognitive flexibility (WCST; Cohen's- d between 0. 54 and 0. 68) compared to those with normosmia. Multiple regression adjusted by the covariates participants' age and education level showed a positive association between odour identification and the cognitive inhibition response (SCWT-interference; Beta = 0. 29; p =. 034). The odour discrimination capacity was not a predictor of the cognitive executive performance. Our results suggest that both hot and cold executive functions seem to be associated with higher-order olfactory functioning in humans. These results robustly support the hypothesis that olfaction and executive measures have a common neural substrate in PFC and OFC, and suggest that olfaction might be a reliable cognitive marker in psychiatric and neurologic disorders. |
| Grants: | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PSI2011-28349 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2014-SGR-1672 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2014-SGR-680 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación JCI-2011-09248 |
| Note: | Altres ajuts: This work was supported by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS, Foundation for Health Investigation, grant number PI11/210). |
| Rights: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.  |
| Language: | Anglès |
| Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
| Published in: | PloS one, Vol. 10 (june 2015) , ISSN 1932-6203 |
