Global Variation in Escherichia coli mcr-1 Genes and Plasmids from Animal and Human Genomes Following Colistin Usage Restrictions in Livestock
Garcias Puigserver, Biel (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Flores, Mayra Alejandra (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Fernández, Mercedes (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Monteith, William (University of Oxford. Department of Biology)
Pascoe, Ben (University of Oxford. Department of Biology)
Sheppard, Samuel K. (University of Oxford. Department of Biology)
Martín Castillo, Margarita (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Cortey, Martí (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)
Darwich Soliva, Laila (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals)

Fecha:	2024
Resumen:	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial clones becoming a major concern. Polymyxins, especially colistin, have reemerged as last-resort treatments for MDR Gram-negative infections. However, colistin use in livestock has spread mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, notably mcr-1, impacting human health. In consequence, its livestock use was banned in 2017, originating a natural experiment to study bacterial adaptation. The aim of this work was to analyse the changes in the mcr-1 genetic background after colistin restriction across the world. This study analyses 3163 Escherichia coli genomes with the mcr-1 gene from human and livestock hosts, mainly from Asia (n = 2621) and Europe (n = 359). Genetic characterisation identifies IncI2 (40. 4%), IncX4 (26. 7%), and multidrug-resistant IncHI2 (18. 8%) as the most common plasmids carrying mcr-1. There were differences in plasmids between continents, with IncX4 (56. 6%) being the most common in Europe, while IncI2 (44. 8%) was predominant in Asia. Promoter variants related to reduced fitness costs and IS Apl1 showed a distinct pattern of association that appears to be associated with adaptation to colistin restriction, which differed between continents. Thus, after the colistin ban, Europe saw a shift to specialised mcr-1 plasmids as IncX4, while IS Apl1 decreased in Asia due to changes in the prevalence of the distinct promoter variants. These analyses illustrate the evolution of mcr-1 adaptation following colistin use restrictions and the need for region-specific strategies against AMR following colistin restrictions.
Ayudas:	Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca FI-SDUR 2020
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	Antimicrobial resistance ; Colistin ; Mcr-1 ; IS Apl1 ; Promoter variants ; Fitness cost ; Escherichia coli
Publicado en:	Antibiotics, Vol. 13 (august 2024) , ISSN 2079-6382

DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080759
PMID: 39200059

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