But how does it smell? An investigation of olfactory bulb size among living and fossil primates and other euarchontoglirans
Lang, Madlen M (University of Toronto Scarborough)
Silcox, Mary T (University of Toronto Scarborough)
Fostowicz-Frelik, Łucja (Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Paleobiology)
Lis, Adam (University of Warsaw)
López-Torres, Sergi (National Museums of Kenya. Earth Science Department)
San Martin-Flores, Gabriela (University of Toronto Scarborough)
Bertrand, Ornella C. (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)

Date:	2025
Abstract:	Primates are often considered to have a poor sense of smell. While all studies identify small olfactory bulbs (OB; the region of the brain responsible for processing scent) among haplorhines, whether or not strepsirrhines also possess small OBs is less clear, as is the evolutionary backdrop from which these patterns emerged. Here, we examine the relative size of the olfactory bulbs in cranial endocasts of living and fossil primates and their kin (Euarchontoglires [Primates, Dermoptera, Scandentia, Rodentia, Lagomorpha]), testing previous hypotheses. Regression analyses of OB volume and mass relative to endocranial volume (ECV) and body mass (BM), and ANOVAS of residuals, were performed on a dataset of 181 extant and 41 extinct species. Analyses show clear differences in the relative size of the OBs, with haplorhines possessing distinctly smaller OBs relative to all other clades. Pairwise tests indicate haplorhine OBs are significantly smaller than those of all other clades, including strepsirrhines; when the haplorhines are removed from analyses, strepsirrhines are significantly smaller than all other clades. This suggests that a reduction in OB size occurred at the crown primate node, a pattern also seen in ancestral state reconstruction (ASR) analyses. The ASR analyses suggest multiple iterations of olfactory bulb size decrease occurred in Haplorhini, reflecting large amounts of parallelism. These results likely differ from previous studies due to the inclusion of additional fossils and more appropriate outgroups based on up-to-date phylogenetic hypotheses.
Grants:	Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021/BP-00042 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021/SGR-00620
Note:	Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Brain ; Olfaction ; Paleoneurology ; Paleontology ; Primates
Published in:	The anatomical record (Hoboken), (March 2025) , ISSN 1932-8494

DOI: 10.1002/ar.25651

24 p, 4.4 MB

The record appears in these collections:
Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Experimental sciences > Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles