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| Página principal > Artículos > Artículos publicados > Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted measurement of glucose, sodium, and potassium concentrations in diluted aqueous solutions using microwaves |
| Fecha: | 2025 |
| Resumen: | This letter proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven noninvasive and contactless microwave sensor capable of determining the composition of aqueous solutions containing three different components: glucose, sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+). The sensing element is a one-port microstrip transmission line loaded with a pair of unequal three-turn complementary spiral resonators (CSRs) etched in the ground plane, as well as a capillary that drives the liquid under test (LUT) to the sensing region (i. e. , the slots of the CSR). The two CSRs provide a rich frequency response (reflection coefficient), with many singularities (magnitude notches and phase jumps) over a broad frequency band that are necessary to selectively determine the concentration of the different solute components by virtue of their different dispersive behavior. The complete sensor includes the necessary mechanical accessories to implement an automated system with a liquid pump as well as temperature and fluid control. The system analyzes the renormalized S11 response to quantify the variations generated by the different components of the solution, demonstrating a high capacity of detecting their presence and reliably predicting their concentrations. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) maps the renormalized reflection coefficient spectra to solute concentrations. Validated on binary to quaternary mixtures, the method yields mean absolute errors of 8. 2 mg/dL (glucose), 6. 8 mg/dL (Na+), and 1. 2 mg/dL (K+), enabling real-time quantification in complex solutions. This modular approach supports scalable dataset generation and adaptable AI training pipelines for other solutes and liquid matrices. |
| Ayudas: | Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2022-139181OB-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación RYC2022-035819-I Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades FPU20/05700 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021/SGR-00192 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2024/ICREA-00114 |
| Derechos: | Aquest material està protegit per drets d'autor i/o drets afins. Podeu utilitzar aquest material en funció del que permet la legislació de drets d'autor i drets afins d'aplicació al vostre cas. Per a d'altres usos heu d'obtenir permís del(s) titular(s) de drets. |
| Lengua: | Anglès |
| Documento: | Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar |
| Materia: | Microwave/millimeter wave sensors ; Aqueous solutions ; Artificial intelligence (AI) ; Glucose sensor ; Liquid sensing ; Microwave sensor ; Spiral resona |
| Publicado en: | IEEE sensors letters, Vol. 9, no. 8 (August 2025) , ISSN 2475-1472 |
Disponible a partir de: 2099-01-01 Postprint |