Flexible radiochromic films based on 10.12-pentacosadiynoic acid-doped ionogel enabling 2D real time dosimetry
Ahmad, Naseer (Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona)
Alvarez, Mar (Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona)
Guardiola, Consuelo (Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona)
Muñoz Berbel, Xavier (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
Guirado, Gonzalo (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Química)
Mena Fernández, Silvia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Química)

Date:	2026
Abstract:	In this work, we report the development and characterization of a new flexible radiochromic film based on 10. 12-pentacosadiynoic acid (10. 12-PCDA) embedded in an ionogel (IG) matrix. Designed for real-time, in-situ 2D dosimetry, the film integrates all components within a single, flexible layer. This enhances its adaptability to curved and irregular surfaces and facilitates adjustment to patient morphology. The ionogels were produced by immobilizing the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMIM TFSI) within a polymeric matrix of Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP), achieving thin (100 μm) and flexible (Young's modulus of 4 MPa) films. Ionogels were doped with the radiochromic molecule 10. 12-PCDA, achieving a maximum concentration of 8. 2 wt% in the film, which confers it with high sensitivity to radiation. Dose response calibration was performed with a 90 kV microfocus X-ray source and revealed a strong correlation between changes in the optical density of the films irradiated and radiation dose, with the most sensitive formulation (8. 2 wt% 10. 12-PCDA, IL/polymer ratio 3:1) displaying a detection limit of 0. 25 Gy. The radiochromic properties of these films, combined with a customised opto-mechanical setup and open-source colour analysis software, enable a system for 2D and real-time dosimetry with a spatial resolution of 1 mm. The films demonstrated excellent flexibility, mechanical stability post-irradiation, and reliable dose distribution assessment on curved surfaces (90-180° curvature angle). These results position 10. 12-PCDA@IG films as promising candidates for in vivo dosimetry on the patient skin.
Grants:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2022-141293OB-I00 Generalitat de Catalunya 2021/SGR-00052 Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-127653NB-C21 Agencia Estatal de Investigación JDC2022-048606-I
Note:	Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB
Note:	Altres ajuts: CSIC's Proyectos Intramurales Especiales (20225AT008)
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article de revisió ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Acid doped ; Curved surfaces ; Flexible layer ; Ionogels ; Irregular surface ; Matrix ; Polymeric matrices ; Radiochromic film ; Real- time ; Real-time dosimetry
Published in:	Radiation measurements, Vol. 192 (March 2026) , art. 107628, ISSN 1350-4487

DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2026.107628

11 p, 4.9 MB

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