Social implications of the 30×30 global conservation target
Fajardo Nolla, Francisco Javier (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Bingham, Heather C. (UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UK))
Brockington, Dan (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Dret Privat)
Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca (World Wildlife Fund (USA))
Fitzsimons, James A. (Deakin University (Australia))
Fleischman, Forrest D. (University of Minnesota. Department of Forest Resources)
Frechette, Alain (Rights and Resources Initiative (USA))
Garrett, Rachael (University of Cambridge. Department of Geography)
Hazin, Carolina (The Nature Conservancy (UK))
Kuemmerle, Tobias (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Geographisches Institut)
Lessmann, Janeth (UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UK))
Nuvunga, Milagre O. F. (Micaia Foundation (Mozambique))
O’Donnell, Brian (Campaign for Nature, Durango (USA))
Onyai, Fred (Private Consultant (Uganda))
Pinto, Ruth (International Institute for Environment and Development (UK))
Pfeifer, Marion (Newcastle University)
Pritchard, Rose (University of Manchester. Global Development Institute)
Ryan, Casey (University of Edinburgh)
Shyamsundar, Priya (The Nature Conservancy (USA))
Cariño Tauli, Josefa (Partners for Indigenous Knowledge Philippines)
Tumusiime, David Mwesigye (Makerere University. Department of Environmental Management)
Upton, Jasmin (UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UK))
Watmough, Gary R. (University of Edinburgh)
Zaehringer, Julie Gwendolin (University of Bern. Institute of Geography)
Sandbrook, Chris (University of Cambridge. Department of Geography)

Date:	2026
Abstract:	Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to increase global protected and conserved area coverage to at least 30% by 2030. The impact on people, whether positive or negative, will depend on the social context of additional areas and how they are governed and managed. Here, we show that Target 3 could affect large and socially diverse populations under different implementation scenarios. Nearly half the human population lives within 10 km of areas included in a scenario maximising biodiversity representation. Four percent live near areas included in an Indigenous and traditional territories-based scenario, including many in areas with low Human Development Index scores (74%) and high participation in wild harvesting (91%). A scenario prioritising nature's contributions to people is intermediate on all measures. Our results demonstrate that Target 3 is a highly ambitious social as well as ecological target, requiring an equally ambitious commitment to development funding and support for local residents.
Grants:	European Commission 101054259 European Commission 101001239 Agencia Estatal de Investigación CEX2024-001506-M
Note:	Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2024-001506-M
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Developing world ; Ecosystem services ; Socioeconomic scenarios
Published in:	Nature communications, Vol. 17 (May 2026) , art. 4067, ISSN 2041-1723

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-71860-8
PMID: 42120397

13 p, 2.7 MB

The record appears in these collections:
Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Experimental sciences > Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles