Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats
Contreras-Jodar, Alexandra (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments)
Nayan, N. H. (University Putra Malaysia. Department of Animal Science.)
Hamzaoui, Soufiane (University of Bouira. Department of Agronomic Science.)
Caja López, Gerardo (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments)
Salama, Ahmed A. K. (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments)

Date:	2019
Abstract:	The aim of the study is to identify the candidate biomarkers of heat stress (HS) in the urine of lactating dairy goats through the application of proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Dairy does (n = 16) in mid-lactation were submitted to thermal neutral (TN; indoors; 15 to 20°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (climatic chamber; 37°C day, 30°C night; 40% humidity) conditions according to a crossover design (2 periods of 21 days). Thermophysiological traits and lactational performances were recorded and milk composition analyzed during each period. Urine samples were collected at day 15 of each period for H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) assessment with cross validation were used to identify the goat urinary metabolome from the Human Metabolome Data Base. HS increased rectal temperature (1. 2°C), respiratory rate (3. 5-fold) and water intake (74%), but decreased feed intake (35%) and body weight (5%) of the lactating does. No differences were detected in milk yield, but HS decreased the milk contents of fat (9%), protein (16%) and lactose (5%). Metabolomics allowed separating TN and HS urinary clusters by PLS-DA. Most discriminating metabolites were hippurate and other phenylalanine (Phe) derivative compounds, which increased in HS vs. TN does. The greater excretion of these gut-derived toxic compounds indicated that HS induced a harmful gastrointestinal microbiota overgrowth, which should have sequestered aromatic amino acids for their metabolism and decreased the synthesis of neurotransmitters and thyroid hormones, with a negative impact on milk yield and composition. In conclusion, HS markedly changed the thermophysiological traits and lactational performances of dairy goats, which were translated into their urinary metabolomic profile through the presence of gut-derived toxic compounds. Hippurate and other Phe-derivative compounds are suggested as urinary biomarkers to detect heat-stressed dairy animals in practice.
Grants:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2013-44061-R Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RTA205-00035-C03-02
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Cabres ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Body Weight ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Goats ; Heat Stress Disorders ; Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Humidity ; Lactation ; Metabolomics ; Milk ; Milk Proteins ; Stress, Physiological
Published in:	PloS one, Vol. 14 Núm. 2 (february 2019) , p. e0202457, ISSN 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202457
PMID: 30735497

14 p, 981.5 KB

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Research literature > UAB research groups literature > Research Centres and Groups (research output) > Health sciences and biosciences > Grupo de Investigación en Rumiantes (G2R)
Articles > Research articles
Articles > Published articles