The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions
de Manuel, Marc (Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC) (Barcelona))
Barnett, Ross (University of Copenhagen)
Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela (University of Copenhagen)
Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki (University Malaysia Terengganu)
Garrett Vieira, Filipe (University of Copenhagen)
Zepeda Mendoza, Marie Lisandra (University of Birmingham)
Liu, Shiping (BGI-Shenzhen)
Martin, Michael (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. (University of Copenhagen)
Mak, Sarah S. T. (University of Copenhagen)
Carøe, Christian (University of Copenhagen)
Liu, Shanlin (BGI-Shenzhen)
Guo, Chunxue (BGI-Shenzhen)
Zheng, Jiao (University of Chinese. Academy of Sciences)
Zazula, Grant (Government of Yukon)
Baryshnikov, Gennady (Russian Academy of Sciences)
Eizirik, Eduardo (Instituto Pró-Carnívoros)
Koepfli, Klaus-Peter (Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute)
Johnson, Warren E. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research)
Antunes, Agostinho (University of Porto)
Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas (Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology)
Gopalakrishnan, Shyam (University of Copenhagen)
Larson, Greger (University of Oxford)
Yang, Huanming (James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science)
O'Brien, Stephen J. (Nova Southeastern University)
Hansen, Anders J. (University of Copenhagen)
Zhang, Guojie (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Marques-Bonet, Tomas 1975- (Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont)
Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

Data:	2020
Resum:	Lions were once the most globally widespread mammal species, with distinct populations in Africa, Eurasia, and America. We generated a genomic dataset that included 2 extinct Pleistocene cave lions, 12 lions from historically extinct populations in Africa and the Middle East, and 6 modern lions from Africa and India. Our analyses show the Pleistocene cave lion as maximally distinct with no evidence of hybridization with other lion groups based on the level of population structure and admixture. We also confirm long-term divisions between other extant lion populations and assess genetic diversity within individual samples. Our work provides views on the complex nature of the global lion species-complex and its evolution and provides conservation data for modern lion regional populations. Lions are one of the world's most iconic megafauna, yet little is known about their temporal and spatial demographic history and population differentiation. We analyzed a genomic dataset of 20 specimens: two ca. 30,000-y-old cave lions (Panthera leo spelaea), 12 historic lions (Panthera leo leo/Panthera leo melanochaita) that lived between the 15th and 20th centuries outside the current geographic distribution of lions, and 6 present-day lions from Africa and India. We found that cave and modern lions shared an ancestor ca. 500,000 y ago and that the 2 lineages likely did not hybridize following their divergence. Within modern lions, we found 2 main lineages that diverged ca. 70,000 y ago, with clear evidence of subsequent gene flow. Our data also reveal a nearly complete absence of genetic diversity within Indian lions, probably due to well-documented extremely low effective population sizes in the recent past. Our results contribute toward the understanding of the evolutionary history of lions and complement conservation efforts to protect the diversity of this vulnerable species.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2017-86471-P Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/SGR-880 European Commission 681396
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Lion ; Genomics ; Evolution
Publicat a:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 117, Num. 20 (May 2020) , p. 10927-10934, ISSN 1091-6490

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919423117
PMID: 32366643

8 p, 2.5 MB

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