Welfare Impact of Carbon Dioxide Euthanasia on Laboratory Mice and Rats : A Systematic Review
Turner, Patricia V. (Global Animal Welfare and Training)
Hickman, Debra L. (Indiana University. Laboratory Animal Resource Center)
van Luijk, Judith (Radboud University. Department of Health Evidence)
Ritskes-Hoitinga, Merel (Radboud University. Department of Health Evidence)
Sargeant, Jan M. (University of Guelph. Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses)
Kurosawa, T. Miki (Kagoshima University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine)
Agui, Takashi (Hokkaido University. Department of Applied Veterinary Science)
Baumans, Vera (Department of Animals, Science and Society, Utrecht University)
Choi, Woo Sung (National New Drug Development Cluster)
Choi, Yang-Kyu (Konkuk University. Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine)
Flecknell, Paul A. (Newcastle University. Institute of Neuroscience)
Lee, Byeong H. (Osong Medical Innovation Foundation)
Otaegui Goya, Pedro José (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular)
Pritchett-Corning, Kathleen R. (University of Washington. Department of Comparative Medicine)
Shimada, Keisuke (Osaka University. Animal Resource Center for Infectious Diseases)

Data:	2020
Resum:	Background: There has been increased concern about the suitability of CO as a method for euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats, including the potential discomfort, pain or distress that animals may experience prior to loss of consciousness; time to loss of consciousness; best methods for use of CO; and the availability of better alternatives. These discussions have been useful in providing new information, but have resulted in significant confusion regarding the acceptability of CO for rodent euthanasia. In some cases, researchers and veterinarians have become uncertain as to which techniques to recommend or use for euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats. Methods: The International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) convened a taskforce to examine the evidence for adverse welfare indicators in laboratory rats and mice undergoing CO euthanasia using a SYRCLE-registered systematic review protocol. Of 3,772 papers identified through a database search (PubMed, Web of Science, CAB Direct, Agricola, and grey literature) from 1900 to 2017, 37 studies were identified for detailed review (some including more than one species or age group), including 15 in adult mice, 21 in adult rats, and 5 in neonates of both species. Experiments or reports were excluded if they only assessed parameters other than those directly affecting animal welfare during CO induction and/or euthanasia. Results: Study design and outcome measures were highly variable and there was an unclear to high risk of bias in many of the published studies. Changes in the outcome measures evaluated were inconsistent or poorly differentiated. It is likely that repeated exposures to carbon dioxide inhalation are aversive to adult rats and mice, based on avoidance behavior studies; however, this effect is largely indistinguishable from aversion induced by repeated exposures to other inhalant anesthetic gasses. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to permit an unbiased assessment of the effect of CO inhalation during euthanasia on welfare indicators in laboratory mice and rats. Additional well-designed, unbiased, and adequately powered studies are needed to accurately assess the welfare of laboratory mice and rats undergoing euthanasia via CO gas.
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Carbon dioxide ; Euthanasia ; Systematic review ; Mouse ; Rat ; Animal welfare ; Pain ; Distress
Publicat a:	Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 7 (july 2020) , ISSN 2297-1769

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00411
PMID: 32793645

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