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| Home > Articles > Published articles > Electrically tunable nonequilibrium optical response of graphene |
(Politecnico di Milano. Dipartimento di Fisica) (University of Cambridge. Cambridge Graphene Centre) (University of Cambridge. Cambridge Graphene Centre) (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia) (University of Cambridge. Cambridge Graphene Centre) (Politecnico di Milano. Dipartimento di Fisica)
| Date: | 2022 |
| Abstract: | The ability to tune the optical response of a material via electrostatic gating is crucial for optoelectronic applications, such as electro-optic modulators, saturable absorbers, optical limiters, photodetectors, and transparent electrodes. The band structure of single layer graphene (SLG), with zero-gap, linearly dispersive conduction and valence bands, enables an easy control of the Fermi energy, E , and of the threshold for interband optical absorption. Here, we report the tunability of the SLG nonequilibrium optical response in the near-infrared (1000-1700 nm/0. 729-1. 240 eV), exploring a range of E from −650 to 250 meV by ionic liquid gating. As E increases from the Dirac point to the threshold for Pauli blocking of interband absorption, we observe a slow-down of the photobleaching relaxation dynamics, which we attribute to the quenching of optical phonon emission from photoexcited charge carriers. For E exceeding the Pauli blocking threshold, photobleaching eventually turns into photoinduced absorption, because the hot electrons' excitation increases the SLG absorption. The ability to control both recovery time and sign of the nonequilibrium optical response by electrostatic gating makes SLG ideal for tunable saturable absorbers with controlled dynamics. |
| Grants: | European Commission 842251 European Commission 804349 European Commission 319277 Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-111673GB-I00 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RYC-2017-22330 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SEV-2017-0706 |
| Rights: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.  |
| Language: | Anglès |
| Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
| Subject: | Graphene ; Cooling dynamics ; Hot electrons ; Tunable dynamics ; Optical phonons ; Phonon bottleneck |
| Published in: | ACS nano, Vol. 16, issue 3 (March 2022) , p. 3613-3624, ISSN 1936-086X |
