Quantum theory in finite dimension cannot explain every general process with finite memory
Fanizza, Marco (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Física)
Lumbreras, Josep (National University of Singapore. Centre for Quantum Technologies)
Winter, Andreas (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Física)

Data:	2024
Resum:	Arguably, the largest class of stochastic processes generated by means of a finite memory consists of those that are sequences of observations produced by sequential measurements in a suitable generalized probabilistic theory (GPT). These are constructed from a finite-dimensional memory evolving under a set of possible linear maps, and with probabilities of outcomes determined by linear functions of the memory state. Examples of such models are given by classical hidden Markov processes, where the memory state is a probability distribution, and at each step it evolves according to a non-negative matrix, and hidden quantum Markov processes, where the memory is a finite-dimensional quantum system, and at each step it evolves according to a completely positive map. Here we show that the set of processes admitting a finite-dimensional explanation do not need to be explainable in terms of either classical probability or quantum mechanics. To wit, we exhibit families of processes that have a finite-dimensional explanation, defined manifestly by the dynamics of an explicitly given GPT, but that do not admit a quantum, and therefore not even classical, explanation in finite dimension. Furthermore, we present a family of quantum processes on qubits and qutrits that do not admit a classical finite-dimensional realization, which includes examples introduced earlier by Fox, Rubin, Dharmadikari and Nadkarni as functions of infinite-dimensional Markov chains, and lower bound the size of the memory of a classical model realizing a noisy version of the qubit processes.
Ajuts:	Agencia Estatal de Investigación PCI2022-132965 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación FJC2021-047404-I Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-107609GB-I00 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/SGR-1127
Nota:	Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Publicat a:	Communications in mathematical physics, Vol. 405, issue 2 (February 2024) , art. 50, ISSN 1432-0916

DOI: 10.1007/s00220-023-04913-4

24 p, 604.6 KB

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