Early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration : update and clinical review
García-Layana, Alfredo (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
Cabrera López, Francisco (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
García Arumí, José (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron)
Arias Barquet, Lluís (Universitat de Barcelona)
Ruiz Moreno, José M. (Vissum Corporación Oftalmológica)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Date:	2017
Abstract:	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in developed countries. With the aging of population, AMD will become globally an increasingly important and prevalent disease worldwide. It is a complex disease whose etiology is associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors. An extensive decline in the quality of life and progressive need of daily living assistance resulting from AMD among those most severely affected highlights the essential role of preventive strategies, particularly advising patients to quit smoking. In addition, maintaining a healthy diet, controlling other risk factors (such as hypertension, obesity, and atherosclerosis), and the use of nutritional supplements (antioxidants) are recommendable. Genetic testing may be especially important in patients with a family history of AMD. Recently, unifying criteria for the clinical classification of AMD, defining no apparent aging changes; normal aging changes; and early, intermediate, and late AMD stages, are of value in predicting AMD risk of progression and in establishing recommendations for the diagnosis, therapeutic approach, and follow-up of patients. The present review is focused on early and intermediate AMD and presents a description of the clinical characteristics and ophthalmological findings for these stages, together with algorithms for the diagnosis and management of patients, which are easily applicable in daily clinical practice.
Rights:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Language:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Subject:	Age-related macular degeneration ; Early AMD ; Intermediate AMD ; Risk factors ; Classification ; Prevention ; Nutritional supplementation
Published in:	Clinical Interventions in Aging, Vol. 12 (October 2017) , p. 1579-1587, ISSN 1178-1998

DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S142685
PMID: 29042759

9 p, 2.0 MB

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