| Resum: |
Background: Low levels of vitamin D are associated with cardiovascular diseases in adults; however, it is unclear if there is a relationship between vitamin D in pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases in offspring. Aim: To assess the association of maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) at 12 weeks of pregnancy and child concentrations of (25(OH)D) in preschool age with offspring pulse wave velocity, retinal microcirculation and blood pressure at 11 years. Methods: We included 401 mother-child pairs from the INMA-Sabadell cohort study. We used plasma (25(OH)D) at first trimester of pregnancy and offspring plasma at 4 years. Main outcomes measured at 11 years were pulse wave velocity, central venular retina equivalent (CRVE), central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. We used (25(OH)D) as a continuous and categorical variable: deficiency (≤20 ng/ml), insufficiency (21-30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (>30 ng/ml). Results: The median plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 were 29. 63 and 37. 17 ng/ml in pregnancy and childhood, respectively. Higher maternal vitamin D levels were associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure [beta = 1. 06 (95% CI=0. 14, 1. 97)] but not with diastolic blood pressure. Maternal vitamin D levels were not associated with pulse wave velocity or with microcirculation. Vitamin D in prescholar age was not associated with any of the cardiovascular outcomes assessed. Conclusions: This study finds little evidence of associations between vitamin D levels during pregnancy or in pre-school age with cardiovascular outcomes in children. Further studies will be needed to understand more clearly the influence of prenatal and early life vitamin D levels on cardiovascular disease in childhood. |
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