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| Home > Articles > Published articles > Noise and charge discreteness as ultimate limit for the THz operation of ultra-small electronic devices |
| Home > Articles > Published articles > Noise and charge discreteness as ultimate limit for the THz operation of ultra-small electronic devices |
(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica) (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica)| Date: | 2020 |
| Abstract: | To manufacture faster electron devices, the industry has entered into the nanoscale dimensions and Terahertz (THz) working frequencies. The discrete nature of the few electrons present simultaneously in the active region of ultra-small devices generate unavoidable fluctuations of the current at THz frequencies. The consequences of this noise remain unnoticed in the scientific community because its accurate understanding requires dealing with consecutive multi-time quantum measurements. Here, a modeling of the quantum measurement of the current at THz frequencies is introduced in terms of quantum (Bohmian) trajectories. With this new understanding, we develop an analytic model for THz noise as a function of the electron transit time and the sampling integration time, which finally determine the maximum device working frequency for digital applications. The model is confirmed by either semi-classical or full- quantum time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations. All these results show that intrinsic THz noise increases unlimitedly when the volume of the active region decreases. All attempts to minimize the low signal-to-noise ratio of these ultra-small devices to get effective THz working frequencies are incompatible with the basic elements of the scaling strategy. One can develop THz electron devices, but they cannot have ultra-small dimensions. Or, one can fabricate ultra-small electron devices, but they cannot be used for THz working frequencies. |
| Grants: | Agencia Estatal de Investigación RTI2018-097876-B-C21 Agencia Estatal de Investigación TEC2017-83910-R Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 001-P-001644 European Commission 785219 European Commission 765426 |
| Note: | Altres ajuts: Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (project SA254P18) |
| Rights: | Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.  |
| Language: | Anglès |
| Document: | Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada |
| Subject: | Electrical and electronic engineering ; Electronic and spintronic devices |
| Published in: | Scientific reports, Vol. 10 (October 2020) , art. 15990, ISSN 2045-2322 |
