Direct dating reveals the early history of opium poppy in western Europe
Salavert, Aurélie (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (París, França))
Zazzo, Antoine (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (París, França))
Martin, Lucie (Université Savoie Mont-Blanc. UMR EDYTEM, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes)
Antolín, Ferran (Universität Basel. Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS))
Gauthier, Caroline (Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris-Saclay. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA))
Thil, François (Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris-Saclay. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA))
Tombret, Olivier (Musée de L'Homme. UMR Histoire Naturelle de L'Homme Préhistorique)
Bouby, Laurent (Université Montpellier. CNRS, EPHE, IRD)
Manen, Claire (Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès. UMR TRACES, CNRS)
Mineo, Mario (Museo delle Civiltà - Museo Preistorico Etnografico "Luigi Pigorini")
Mueller-Bieniek, Aldona (Polish Academy of Sciences. W. Szafer Institute of Botany)
Piqué Huerta, Raquel (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Prehistòria)
Rottoli, Mauro (Università Degli Studi Di Trento. Laboratorio Di Archeobiologia Dei Musei Civici Di Como, Department of Humanities)
Rovira, Núria (Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Ministère de La Culture Et de La Communication, Inrap/LabEx Archimède. UMR Archéologie Des Sociétés Méditerranéennes)
Toulemonde, Françoise (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (París, França))
Vostrovská, Ivana (Palacký University Olomouc. Faculty of Arts)

Data:	2020
Resum:	This paper aims to define the first chrono-cultural framework on the domestication and early diffusion of the opium poppy using small-sized botanical remains from archaeological sites, opening the way to directly date minute short-lived botanical samples. We produced the initial set of radiocarbon dates directly from the opium poppy remains of eleven Neolithic sites (5900-3500 cal BCE) in the central and western Mediterranean, northwestern temperate Europe, and the western Alps. When possible, we also dated the macrobotanical remains originating from the same sediment sample. In total, 22 samples were taken into account, including 12 dates directly obtained from opium poppy remains. The radiocarbon chronology ranges from 5622 to 4050 cal BCE. The results show that opium poppy is present from at least the middle of the sixth millennium in the Mediterranean, where it possibly grew naturally and was cultivated by pioneer Neolithic communities. Its dispersal outside of its native area was early, being found west of the Rhine in 5300-5200 cal BCE. It was introduced to the western Alps around 5000-4800 cal BCE, becoming widespread from the second half of the fifth millennium. This research evidences different rhythms in the introduction of opium poppy in western Europe.
Nota:	Ajuts: We would like to thank the Fyssen Foundation for financially supporting the 1-year project (2018-2019) "Origin and early dispersal of the opium poppy in Europe during the Neolithic" (PI: A. Salavert). Financial support has also been received from the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of a SNF Professorship (PI: F. Antolín, Grant Number: PP00P1_170515).
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Plant domestication ; Biogeochemistry
Publicat a:	Scientific reports, Vol. 10 (november 2020) , ISSN 2045-2322

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76924-3
PMID: 33219318

10 p, 1.8 MB

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