Observing pain in individuals with cognitive impairment : A pilot comparison attempt across countries and across different types of cognitive impairment
Kunz, M. (University of Augsburg. Department of Psychology and Sociology)
Crutzen-Braaksma, P. (University of Groningen. Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine)
Gimenez-Llort, Lydia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Neurociències)
Invitto, S. (University of Salento. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies)
Villani, G. (University of Salento. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies)
Detommaso, M. (Bari Aldo Moro University. Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit)
Petrini, L. (Aalborg University. Department of Health Science and Technology)
Vase, L. (Aarhus University. Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences)
Matthiesen, S. T. (Aarhus University. Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences)
Gottrup, H. (Aarhus University Hospital (Aarhus, Dinamarca))
Echeita, J. A. (University of Groningen. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine)
Lautenbacher, S. (University of Bamberg. Department of Physiological Psychology)
Defrin, R. (Tel Aviv University. Department of Physical Therapy)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal

Fecha:	2021
Resumen:	Facial expression is a key aspect in observational scales developed to improve pain assessment in individuals with cognitive impairments. Although these scales are used internationally in individuals with different types of cognitive impairments, it is not known whether observing facial expressions of pain might differ between regions or between different types of cognitive impairments. In a pilot study, facial responses to standardized experimental pressure pain were assessed among individuals with different types of cognitive impairments (dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, and intellectual disability) from different countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Spain) and were analyzed using facial descriptors from the PAIC scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition). We found high inter-rater reliability between observers from different countries. Moreover, facial responses to pain did not differ between individuals with dementia from different countries (Denmark, Germany, and Spain). However, the type of cognitive impairment had a significant impact; with individuals with intellectual disability (all being from Israel) showing the strongest facial responses. Our pilot data suggest that the country of origin does not strongly affect how pain is facially expressed or how facial responses are being scored. However, the type of cognitive impairment showed a clear effect in our pilot study, with elevated facial responses in individuals with intellectual disability.
Nota:	Funding: This research was funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology; funding number: EU COST-Action TD1005.
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	Pain ; Cognitive impairment ; Facial expression ; Cultural differences ; Dementia ; Mild cognitive impairment ; Intellectual disability ; Pain observation ; PAIC
Publicado en:	Brain sciences, Vol. 11 Núm. 11 (november 2021) , p. 1455, ISSN 2076-3425

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111455
PMID: 34827454

13 p, 966.2 KB

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