Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity
Firmino, Joana P. (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Vallejos Vidal, Eva Carolina (Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola)
Salomón, Ricardo (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
Sanahuja, Ignasi (Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia)
Tort Bardolet, Lluís (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia)
Ibarz, Antoni (Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia)
Reyes-López, Felipe E. (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia)
Gisbert, Enric (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries)
Fernández-Alacid, Laura (Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia)

Fecha:	2021
Resumen:	One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.
Ayudas:	Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017/DI-017
Derechos:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Lengua:	Anglès
Documento:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Materia:	SALT ; Innate immunity ; Stress ; Aquaculture ; Vibrio infection ; Teleost fish skin mucus ; Phytogenic additive ; Interactome
Publicado en:	Frontiers in immunology, Vol. 12 (March 2021) , art. 633621, ISSN 1664-3224

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621
PMID: 33777020

19 p, 6.9 MB

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