Elbow Extensor Muscles in Humans and Chimpanzees : Adaptations to Different Uses of the Upper Extremity in Hominoid Primates
de Diego, Marina (Universitat de Barcelona. Unitat d'Anatomia Humana i Embriologia)
Casado, Aroa (Universitat de Barcelona. Institut d'Arqueologia i Prehistòria)
Gómez, Mónica (Universitat de Barcelona. Unitat d'Anatomia Humana i Embriologia)
Ciurana, Neus (Universitat de Barcelona. Unitat d'Anatomia Humana i Embriologia)
Rodríguez, Patrícia (Universitat de Barcelona. Unitat d'Anatomia Humana i Embriologia)
Avià, Yasmina (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciència Política i de Dret Públic)
Cuesta Torralvo, Elisabeth (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciència Política i de Dret Públic)
García, Natividad (Universidad de Valladolid. Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología)
San José, Isabel (Universidad de Valladolid. Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología)
Barbosa, Mercedes (Universidad de Valladolid. Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología)
de Paz, Félix (Universidad de Valladolid. Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología)
Pastor, Juan Francisco (Universidad de Valladolid. Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología)
Potau, Josep Maria (Universitat de Barcelona. Institut d'Arqueologia i Prehistòria)

Data:	2022
Resum:	Chimpanzees and humans are both species of hominoid primates that are closely related phylogenetically. One of the key differences between these two species is their use of their upper extremities. Humans use this limb mainly in manipulative tasks, while chimpanzees also use it during locomotion. In this study, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain isoforms in the two elbow extensor muscles, the triceps brachii and the anconeus, in humans and chimpanzees, in order to find differences that could be related to the different uses of the upper extremities in these species. We have found that the triceps brachii of chimpanzees is more prepared for strength and power as an adaptation to locomotion, while the same muscle in humans is more prepared for speed and resistance to fatigue as an adaptation to manipulative activities. Our results increase the knowledge we have of the musculoskeletal system of chimpanzees and can be applied in various fields, such as comparative anatomy, evolutionary anatomy or anthropology. The anatomical and functional characteristics of the elbow extensor muscles (triceps brachii and anconeus) have not been widely studied in non-human hominoid primates, despite their great functional importance. In the present study, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the elbow extensors in humans and chimpanzees. Our main objective was to identify differences in these muscles that could be related to the different uses of the upper extremity in the two species. In five humans and five chimpanzees, we have analyzed muscle mass (MM), muscle fascicle length (MFL), and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). In addition, we have assessed the expression of the MHC isoforms by RT-PCR. We have found high MM and PCSA values and higher expression of the MHC-IIx isoform in the triceps brachii of chimpanzees, while in humans, the triceps brachii has high MFL values and a higher expression of the MHC-I and MHC-IIa isoforms. In contrast, there were no significant differences between humans and chimpanzees in any of the values for the anconeus. These findings could be related to the participation of the triceps brachii in the locomotion of chimpanzees and to the use of the upper extremity in manipulative functions in humans. The results obtained in the anconeus support its primary function as a stabilizer of the elbow joint in the two species.
Ajuts:	Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2014-52611-C2-2-P European Commission CGL2014-52611-C2-2-P
Nota:	Altres ajuts: Ajudes Predoctorals of the University of Barcelona APIF-UB 2016/2017
Drets:	Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió publicada
Matèria:	Triceps brachii ; Anconeus ; Chimpanzee ; Elbow joint
Publicat a:	Animals, Vol. 12 (october 2022) , ISSN 2076-2615

DOI: 10.3390/ani12212987
PMID: 36359111

15 p, 1.6 MB

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