The differences by sex and gender in the relationship between urban greenness and cardiometabolic health : A systematic review
Fernández Núñez, Marta Beatriz (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Campos Suzman, Lia (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Maneja, Roser (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Geografia)
Bach, Albert (Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestals de Catalunya)
Marquet Sardà, Oriol (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Geografia)
Anguelovski, Isabelle (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals)
Knobel, Pablo (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health)

Data:	2022
Resum:	In an increasingly urbanized world, where cardiometabolic issues in cities have raised public health concerns, urban greenness is known to be beneficial for some of the most common health issues. However, the examination of the contribution of sex and gender regarding the benefits of urban greenness for people's cardiometabolic health is lacking. For that reason, we conducted a systematic review of previous literature on the topic following the PRISMA methodology. Additionally, we assessed the quality of the included articles, which we found satisfactory as most papers were of very good or good quality. We explored the relationship between urban greenness exposure and cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Results suggest that urban greenness is protective against cardiovascular risk factors, diseases, and mortality. When stratifying results by sex and gender, findings point to urban greenness being more beneficial for women and females in stroke and cardiovascular risk factors, except for hypertension and lipid accumulation product. On the other hand, males were more protected by urban greenness in terms of cardiovascular diseases and CVD-related mortality, thus proving that sex and gender health inequalities exist. Furthermore, looking towards the future, research needs to use the proper terminology for sex and gender and policy makers should design urban greenness with a gender perspective.
Nota:	Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M
Drets:	Tots els drets reservats.
Llengua:	Anglès
Document:	Article ; recerca ; Versió acceptada per publicar
Matèria:	Cardiovascular risk factors ; Gender differences ; Obesity ; Sex differences ; Urban greenness ; SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Publicat a:	Journal of urban health, Vol. 99, Issue 6 (December 2022), p. 1054-1067, ISSN 1468-2869

DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00685-9
PMID: 36180810

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